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Book: Before

And pleasing Gambia on my soul returns,

With native grace in Spring’s luxuriant reign,

Smiles the gay mead and Eden blooms again,

The various bower, the tuneful flowing stream,

The soft retreats, the lovers golden dream …

— Phillis Wheatley, from “PHILIS’S Reply to the Answer in our Last by the Gentleman in the Navy”

What is Africa to me:

Copper sun or scarlet sea,

Jungle star or jungle track,

Strong bronzed men, or regal black

Women from whose loins I sprang

When the birds of Eden sang?

— Countee Cullen, from “Heritage”

THE SMELTING OF IRON IN WEST AFRICA

c. Sometime in antiquity, date unknown

Utilitarian—

then,

at some point,

an embrace of beauty.

A glow:

the man waits,

a picture in his head.

He will claw

out the dream’s

tincture,

pour it into mold—

and in that dream,

he has met

the hyena laughing

about chains. The man

will pound metal

to forget that

grievous sound.

He will master

what was brought

from earth,

from viscera’s

need—

until his hands seize,

he will do this work,

and his son will do

the same,

and it will be written

upon the griot’s skull.

MOTHERING #1

Yaay, Someplace in the Gambia, c. 1753

after

the after-birth

is delivered

the mother stops

holding her breath

the mid-wife gives

what came before

her just-washed pain

her insanity pain

an undeserved pain

a God-given pain

oh oh oh pain

drum-talking pain

witnessing pain

Allah

a mother offers

You this gift

prays You find

it acceptable

her living pain

her creature pain

her pretty-little-baby

pain

FATHERING #1

Baay, Someplace in the Gambia, c. 1753

After the required time,

the seclusion to fool scream-faced

souls: the naming ceremony.

People arrive with gifts

for the close-eyed baby with no sense,

separate into men and women.

They do not count their children

like bad-lucked livestock—

they eat. They talk.

Chew kola.

Pray at the required

times. Then: eat.

Still: eat.

The baby unaware of her meaning.

In years, her father’s expectation:

her body hailing a good

bride price, that she might

sing forth sons—

if she prays as well.

At any rate, boys clearly hear

the loudest greeting.

Births to be cherished.

Tribal hierarchy.

God. (Him only or grouped,

translated stars.)

A man. His wife.

(Maybe: two more.)

A girl sits right at the bottom—

and yet,

her father carries her high.

With this bone-gourd,

he has become

someone.

DAFA RAFET

Yaay, Baay, and Goonay, Someplace in the Gambia, c. 1756

When mother and child

walk from the village

to gather fruit, faces

recite quotidian love.

Do you have peace

(Waw, waw, diam rek)

Then, they are alone, and the toddler

points out the fat-bottomed

baobab, the mango

with its frustrating reach.

Mother pierces a low-hanging

jewel, and her small

shadow trills gratitude.

Yaay, you are so nice

(Waw, waw)

Yaay, I love you so

(Waw, waw)

No demonstration, but a hand

touching the tender head

that was braided over cries.

Later that night,

the father must listen, too.

Baay, I ate a mango

(Waw, waw)

Baay, I saw a bug

(Waw, waw)

The child sits closer

to his mat,

whispers ambiguous lights:

I know all the things—

and he does not answer,

but smiles at his wife:

their daughter is a marvel

and they must pray for humility.

FIRST-TIME PRAYER

Yaay and Goonay, Someplace in the Gambia, c. 1759

The water was preparation.

When the mother

and her child rose

in the morning, no Jesus.

The same God, yet

with ninety-nine monikers.

We have awoken

and all of creation

has awoken, for Allah,

Lord of all the worlds

The bowl—

wooden or gourd—

was light, as water

and faith are heavy.

In the century after

this mother and child

are dead, someone

will write about

these mornings,

that the mother

poured a ritual

for her daughter

to remember.

This writing someone

won’t know of ablutions,

of giving peace,

of purity required

before submission,

that God’s servants

had ached

all night to be clean.

BEFORE THE TAKING OF GOONAY

Someplace in the Gambia, c. 1759

Mystery is the word for my purposes here. This child

frail, not quite whole. Not the leader of the gang. The strange

understanding

to be revealed. Is she dancing with the others?

Is there a shaking of tail feathers, a nonsense ditty? Shimmy to

the west Shimmy to the east

Shake it Shake it Shake it Yeah Yeah Yeah

A sharing of secrets with a lagging friend? I’m full of questions.

I can ask History what I want.

I can forget the rest. Why will the slave raiders snatch

a thin, sickly girl? Why not leave her behind for the usual spoils?

The men with clubs.

The charcoaled village. The old ones. The babies—

I can say, No. We won’t speak about all that. I can keep

returning to this blank

someplace before her taking. The story of the red cloth

not yet laid out. A genius child playing, brightness in

a mother’s crown.

A pearl if she lives by the sea. The strand of a gathered

plait. Needed point: surely, love doesn’t rest in emptied air

without some disappointment,

but this is a good moment. Isn’t it?—I can run to my own

playground, remember a cupped palm next to my ear. I can call

my mother who is yet alive.

I can claim my memories. She can answer her ringing

telephone. I won’t forget her name or mine.

FRACTURE

West Africa, c. 15th century to 19th century

The men arrive. Slave ships are anchored.

The men arrive. The traders gather.

The men arrive. The traders march.

The men arrive. The war is waged.

The men arrive. The fire comes.

The men arrive. The people run.

The men arrive. The chase begins.

The men arrive. The dead abandoned.

The men arrive. The iron sounds.

The men arrive. The people march.

The men arrive. The sea. The sea.

The men arrive. The traders haggle.

The men arrive. The silver laughs.

The men arrive. The castle groans.

The men arrive. The door opens.

The men arrive. The water welcomes.

The men arrive. The mourning longs.

The men arrive. Our names shall scatter.

BAAY’S MOAN WITH CHORUS

Someplace/Someplace/Someplace, c. 1761

oh: a war

I have touched my belly

in expectancy, strummed

oh: the family stolen

meat-covered ribs.

The navel’s planetary cavern.

oh: slaves already

The thump behind my ear,

talking of cleared ashes.

oh: the lowly caste

Where is my wife?

Where is my daughter?

oh: perhaps a master

I beat my shameful forehead.

I wanted a boy, hard

oh: benevolent tyrant

foot walking me forward.

A boy, then, a man,

oh: does it matter

I thought I preferred—

and here I am, gripping

oh: the family sold

the phantom skirts

of women.

oh: oh oh oh

Where is my wife?

Where is my daughter?

ENTREATY: YAAY

Someplace/Someplace/Someplace, c. 1761

PHILLIS was brought

from Africa to America

small creature spinning

in the Year 1761

my hands reaching

between Seven and Eight

Years of Age

Without any Assistance

still my child

from School Education

and by only what she

was taught in the Family

mine

and don’t forget me

or this piece of land

oh come back

attained the English

language to which she

was an utter Stranger

before

my sweet girl

please don’t leave

to the great Astonishment

of all who heard her

touch my hands

walk to my side

This Relation is given

by her Master who bought her

JOHN WHEATLEY

Boston

my rare seed Yaay is calling

come to me

AN ISSUE OF MERCY #2

The Transatlantic Journey of Goonay, c. Summer 1761

Peas mashed with possibly

tainted fish A daily pint of water

No blankets mother father

clothes underwear dance of modesty

Why the threats of diphtheria tetanus

malaria smallpox diarrhea dehydration

common cold diseases rape

Why the screaming of the grown shelf mates

a woman or two giving birth Newborns kept

by sailors or capriciously tossed to sharks

Why the banquet of placenta left for rats

The shackled the crowded begging to be killed

Why germs and tribes rechristened Negro

chattering below Vomit

Why no bleach Why no soap to clean

the effluvia of prayer Why did she survive

asthma and fear on that journey Why didn’t

the ring in her nose get infected

Why did she have to sleep marinating

in her own shit and piss Why not death

in the middle of this Why did this child survive

Lord Lord have mercy

FOUND POEM: DETENTION #1

Isaac Chotiner interviewing Warren Binford for the New Yorker, June 22, 2019

Question:

How many kids are

at the [detention] facility

[in Clint, Texas] right now,

and do you have some sense

of a breakdown of where

they’re from?

Answer:

… We were so shocked

by the number of children

who were there, because

it’s a facility that only has capacity

for a hundred and four.

And we were told

that they had recently

expanded the facility,

but they did not give

us a tour of it,

and we legally don’t have

the right to tour the facility.

We drove around afterward,

and we discovered that there

was a giant warehouse that

they had put on the site.

And it appears

that that one warehouse

has allegedly increased

their capacity by an additional

five hundred kids.

When we talked

to Border Patrol agents

later that week,

they confirmed

that is the alleged expansion,

and when we talked to children,

one of the children described

as many as three hundred

children being in that room,

in that warehouse,

basically, at one point

when he first arrived.

There were no windows.

And so

what we did then

was we looked at the ages

of the children,

and we were shocked

by just how many

young children there were.

There were over a hundred

young children when we first arrived.

And there were child-mothers

who were also there,

and so

we started to pull

the child-mothers and their babies,

we started to make sure

their needs were being met.

We started to pull

the youngest children

to see who was taking care of them.

And then we started

to pull the children who

had been there the longest

to find out just how long

children are being kept there.

Children described to us

that they’ve been there

for three weeks or longer.

And so,

immediately from that population

that we were trying to triage,

they were filthy dirty,

there was mucus

on their shirts,

the shirts were dirty.

We saw breast milk

on the shirts.

There was food on the shirts,

and the pants as well.

They told us

that they were hungry.

they told us

that some of them

had not showered

or had not showered

until the day or two days

before we arrived.

Many of them described

that they only brushed

their teeth once.

The Age of Phillis

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