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In This Chapter

▶ Activating your iPhone

▶ Turning iPhone on and off

▶ Adjusting the volume

▶ Charging the battery

▶ Interpreting screen communications

▶ Making connections

▶ Adjusting Accessibility options for easier operation

Are you itching to get started with all things iPhone? In this chapter, we tell you how to use your iPhone’s hardware and understand the interface. We begin with the most obvious tasks: turning your iPhone on and off, adjusting the volume level, and charging the battery. Then we review the basic layout of iPhone’s screen and define the Status bar icons, notifications, and badges. We explain different types of connections you make with your iPhone – Internet and network connections, GPS connections, and printer connections. At the end of the chapter, we take a look at some of the ways you can modify your iPhone to make it easier to use if you have vision, hearing, or tactile challenges or if a young person who uses your iPhone has learning disabilities.

Activating Your iPhone

To make phone calls and send SMS text messages, your iPhone must be connected to a cellular network through your cellular service provider. You can purchase an iPhone with a cellular network contract or without a contract, which is called an unlocked iPhone – not to be confused with the Unlocked/Wake mode, which we explain in the next section.

Here’s the difference:

✔ Contract: iPhone is activated when you sign up for a service plan with an iPhone service. There are several cellular network carrier choices. The most common that offer contracts are AT&T, which uses the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) cellular communications protocol, and Verizon and Sprint, which use the CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) cellular communications protocol. We explain both GSM and CDMA in the “Making Connections” section of this chapter. You register your phone with the network and pick a plan for the calling, text messages, and Internet service usage you want.

If you bought your iPhone with a cellular service contract, it was already activated when you bought it; you only need to turn your iPhone on and follow the onscreen instructions. You can skip ahead to the section “Turning iPhone On and Off.”

✔ Unlocked: You purchase a SIM card (that’s the little chip inside that gives you access to the cellular network) from a service provider. The provider needs to know which iPhone model you have in order to give you the correct SIM: iPhone 5 or later requires a nano-SIM, while iPhone 4s uses a micro-SIM. You then purchase prepaid calling minutes in a pay-as-you-go option or monthly plan that automatically renews until you cancel it, which you can do at any time. Cellular broadband Internet access may be sold separately or bundled with the calling and text message allotment. You can sign up for a contract even if you have an unlocked iPhone; in that case, you bought your iPhone outright so the monthly charge should cost less than iPhone plus a cellular service fee. Unlocked iPhones work only with carriers who use the GSM cellular communications standard. AT&T and T-Mobile are the most common in the United States, but there are others, which you can find by searching “no contract cellphones” or “prepaid cellphones” on the Internet.

If you bought an unlocked iPhone and then signed up for a renewable or contractual cellular service, you need to install the SIM card and do some of the legwork your self. To insert the nano-SIM, do the following:

1. Insert the end of a paper clip into the hole on the SIM card tray on the right side of your iPhone.

The SIM card tray pops open.

2. Place the SIM card in the tray, matching the cut corner of the SIM card to the cut corner in the tray.

3. Push the SIM card tray closed.

If you spend a lot of time overseas, you can purchase a prepaid SIM in that country, which you put in your iPhone when you’re there. (Check with your U.S. service provider to see if unlocking has to be performed stateside first.) When you’re in the United States, you put the U.S. – based SIM in your iPhone.

Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button (at the top right of iPhone 4s or 5 models; at the top right of iPhone 6 models) to turn it on. When you turn on your iPhone for the first time, the Setup Assistant takes you through a series of screens where you type in the requested information or choose from a list and tap Next or Done. You have to have a Wi-Fi or cellular network data connection to complete activation. The Setup Assistant asks for the following information:

✔ Language: Tap your selection in the list.

✔ Country: Tap your selection in the list.

✔ Wi-Fi network: A list of available Wi-Fi networks appears. Tap the one you use and enter the password. If Wi-Fi is unavailable, you can skip this step and do it later, or you can connect you iPhone to your computer with the USB connector cable and choose Connect to iTunes.

✔ Location Services: We recommend that you choose Enable Location Services, which lets various iPhone apps such as Maps and Reminders use your location to better perform operations.

✔ Set Up iPhone: If this is your first iPhone, you can choose Set Up as New iPhone or you can restore from a backup of your iPad or iPod touch, which puts your apps, data, and media on your iPhone. If you’re moving from an older iPhone to a newer model, first back up your old phone and then choose Restore from iCloud Backup or Restore from iTunes Backup (whichever you use). Learn all the details of syncing, restoring, and using iCloud in Book I, Chapter 5.

✔ Sign in or create an Apple ID: Although you can choose to skip this step, your Apple ID lets you

• Store your iPhone backup on iCloud, Apple’s remote storage site.

• Make purchases from the iTunes Store and the App Store.

• Sign in to FaceTime.

• Sync documents, calendars, notes, reminders, passwords, and more automatically across your iOS devices.

You can have separate Apple IDs for iTunes and iCloud, but you need to follow the onscreen instructions to sign in to both. iCloud requires ID with an email format, such as babsboyd@icloud.com, so you may have to create a new account to activate iCloud. The Setup Assistant asks you to create an ID and password and set up three security questions – questions only you know the answer to that Apple asks if you forget your password or if you call for customer service and the technician wants to verify your identity.

If you don’t have an Apple ID and aren’t sure what we’re talking about, skip this step and go to Book I, Chapter 4, where we explain how to create and use an Apple ID in more detail.

✔ Set Up Touch ID (only on models with this function): Tap Set Up Now to go through the process that allows an iPhone 5s, 6, or 6 Plus to memorize your fingerprint. (Tap Set Up Later if you prefer to postpone this action; we show you how in Book I, Chapter 4.) After setting up Touch ID, touching the Home button unlocks your iPhone and can also be used in place of your Apple ID password to authorize purchases.

✔ iTunes Store Sign in: Type your Apple ID and password and agree to the Terms and Conditions when asked.

✔ iCloud Setup: You can choose to use iCloud or decline and then set up iCloud later, as explained in Book I, Chapter 5.

✔ Messaging: Choose which phone number and email address other people can use to reach you on iMessage, iPhone’s text messaging service, and FaceTime, iPhone’s audio and video calling service. Both can use cellular data or Wi-Fi.

✔ Diagnostics: We recommend you choose Automatically Send. Tap Start Using iPhone after you complete the setup procedure.

Turning iPhone On and Off

When you bought your iPhone, the salesperson probably showed you a few basic tasks, such as turning your iPhone on and off. For good measure, we review it here in our review of the iPhone’s external buttons. But first, throughout the book we use a few terms regarding your iPhone’s state of consciousness, or modes, that warrant an explanation because they could be a bit confusing:

✔ Sleep: Your iPhone is asleep when it’s on but the screen is dark. It can receive incoming calls, email, messages, and notifications, which push it into Wake mode.

✔ Wake: Your iPhone screen displays something, which could be the Lock screen (Figure 2-1) or the Home screen (Figure 2-2) or an app screen. It can receive incoming communications.

✔ Locked (or Lock screen): Your iPhone is awake, but you only see an image with some basic information (explained later in this chapter). You can open the Notification Center or the Control Center (Book I, Chapter 4) or slide the Camera icon up to use the camera, but you have to slide your finger across the screen or across a notification to go into Unlocked mode.

✔ Unlocked: Your screen is awake and active. You see either the Home screen or an app screen and interact with them with all the touchscreen gestures we explain in Book I, Chapter 3.

Your iPhone is on in all four modes and in combination may be in Sleep/Locked mode, Wake/Locked mode, or Wake/Unlocked mode (but not Sleep/Unlocked).

Figure 2-1: The Lock screen appears when you first wake your phone from its Sleep state.

The Home button is found in the same place on all iPhone models. You find the Sleep/Wake button on the top of iPhone 5 and earlier models and on the right side of iPhone 6 and 6 Plus. When you press and hold it, it turns iPhone on or off, and when you press and release it, it either wakes iPhone (and you see the Lock screen) or puts iPhone to sleep. Here are the specifics for those actions:

✔ To turn iPhone on: Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button. The Apple logo appears in the center of the screen. After 30 seconds or so, the Lock screen appears (refer to Figure 2-1). Depending on whether you set a passcode, you see one of the following:

• With Passcode: Drag your finger across the screen and then, on the keypad that appears (a keyboard if you used a complex passcode), tap the passcode you assigned during setup. After you enter the correct passcode, the last Home or app screen you were using appears.

• Even if you have an iPhone with Touch ID, when you turn your iPhone on, you have to use your passcode.

• Without Passcode: Drag your finger from left to right across the screen and the Home screen (or the last app you were using) opens.

• If you have a SIM card, with a personal identification number (PIN), a message comes up with two buttons: OK and Unlock. Tap the right button to open a keypad where you enter the PIN of your SIM card to unlock it. Tap the left OK button, and you can use iPhone apps but not any of the phone, message, or Internet features.

✔ To turn iPhone off: Press and hold the Sleep/Wake button until the bar appears with the message Slide to Power Off. Drag your finger from left to right across this bar to turn iPhone off. Tap the Cancel button at the bottom of the screen if you change your mind.

✔ To put iPhone to sleep: Press the Sleep/Wake button once.

✔ To wake iPhone: Press either the Sleep/Wake button or the Home button, which is the round button below the screen that we explain in a couple of paragraphs. Then do one of the following to reach the Home screen or the app you were using before your iPhone went to sleep:

• Without passcode: Slide your finger across the Lock screen.

• With passcode: Slide your finger across the Lock screen and then tap your passcode on the keypad that appears.

• With Touch ID: Rest your finger on the Home key (without sliding your finger across the Lock screen).

iPhone goes to sleep and locks (not to be confused with the SIM lock) automatically when you don’t touch the screen for one minute. You can change this setting to up to five minutes or never in the Settings app by tapping General and then tapping Auto-Lock. This saves battery power and keeps you from unintentionally opening an app or making a call by accidentally touching the Home screen. When iPhone is asleep or locked, you still receive phone calls, messages, and alerts – unless you have the Do Not Disturb function activated – and can listen to music. You can also adjust the volume of a call or music with the volume buttons on the side of the phone.

Incoming communications such as a phone call, text message, or notification from an app like Facebook or Mail also wake your iPhone and present an action to take on the Lock screen.

The Home button is the round, central button on the front of iPhone, below the screen. You can do the following:

✔ When iPhone is awake: Press this button once to return to the Home screen at any time from any app.

Quickly press the Home button twice, also known as a double-click, to open the App Switcher and switch from one app to another. More about that in Book I, Chapter 3.

✔ When iPhone is asleep/locked: Press this button once to wake iPhone the same way as the Sleep/Wake button does.

If you have an iPhone with Touch ID, the Home button performs the above functions and houses the Touch ID sensor, which uses your finger to authorize iPhone access and purchases in place of a passcode or Apple ID.

Turning Up the Volume

When you’re in a noisy place and you don’t want to miss a call, you might want to have the ringer at full volume. On the other hand, if you’re in a meeting but waiting for an important call, you may want to keep your iPhone silent and choose to respond only to that one not-to-be-missed call. Likewise, you may want to increase the speaker volume to better hear the person you’re speaking with on a call in a noisy place. Here we explain how the three buttons on the left of your iPhone control volume:

✔ Volume buttons: You find the volume buttons – two round, slightly raised buttons – on the left side of iPhone. The button on top with the plus sign increases volume; the lower button with the minus sign lowers volume. When iPhone is awake, but not otherwise engaged in a noisy activity, these buttons control the volume of both the ringer and alerts, unless you’ve turned that feature off within the sound settings, as we explain in Book I, Chapter 4. When you’re engaged in a call or using an app that has volume – be it music, a video, or a game – these buttons control the volume of the thing you’re listening to, watching, or playing.

Both volume buttons double as shutter buttons for the Camera. (Refer to Book IV, Chapters 1 and 4 to learn about using your iPhone’s camera and video recorder.)

✔ Silent/Ring switch: The switch above the volume buttons is a mute button. Push it to the back and you see a red bar. This is the off or silent position. Pushed to the front is the on or ring position. When iPhone is in silent mode, it vibrates when calls or alerts come in. If your iPhone rings and you prefer not to answer, you can turn the Silent/Ring switch off. Your caller continues to hear the phone ring until he decides to hang up or leave a voicemail message, but your iPhone will be silent although it will continue to vibrate. See Book II, Chapter 1 for information about declining calls.

When iPhone is in silent mode, alarms you set are still audible, which means you can put your iPhone in silent mode when you go to sleep but you’ll hear the alarm you set to wake you in the morning. The audio for Music and some games will be heard through the speaker or earphones, if you happen to have those plugged into your iPhone (and into your ears, of course).

Charging Your iPhone Battery

Like all battery-powered gadgets, your iPhone is useless with an uncharged battery. The good news is that iPhone recharges in less than an hour, and you can charge the battery in several ways, which we describe here. Even though it recharges quickly, sometimes you want to conserve that charge for as long as possible; check out the sidebar at the end of this section for tips on helping your iPhone hold the battery charge longer.

Plugging into the USB charger

Your iPhone comes with a USB connection cable and a USB power adapter. To charge the battery, plug the dock connector into the dock port at the base of your iPhone, plug the USB end into the USB power adapter and plug the power adapter into an electrical outlet. iPhone beeps, which lets you know it’s actively charging.

The power adapter automatically adjusts to 110 or 220 voltage, based on the voltage for the location you’re plugging into. If you’re using your iPhone outside the United States, you have to purchase an adapter that changes the plug conformation to meet the outlet style of the country you’re visiting. You can find a kit at the Apple Store (http://store.apple.com/us) or single adapters at TravelProducts.com (www.travelproducts.com). If you use a MacBook, PlugBug World from Twelve South (www.twelvesouth.com) connects to the Mac’s power block and houses a USB port so you can charge your Mac and iPhone on the same outlet. Or you can charge your iPhone with your computer’s USB port, as we explain next.

Charging with your Mac or PC’s USB port

When you connect your iPhone to a USB port on your computer to sync or transfer photos, the battery automatically begins taking a charge. Again, iPhone beeps, which lets you know this is going on.

If your computer is turned off or is sleeping, your iPhone battery may drain instead of charge, so make sure your computer is on whenever you connect your iPhone to it.

Although plugging your iPhone into any recent or new Mac can charge your iPhone, the same isn’t necessarily true for recent or new Windows desktop and laptop computers or older Macs. Apple explains that’s because the USB ports on certain models don’t pass through enough wattage to charge your iPhone. If connecting your iPhone to your USB port doesn’t yield a charge – you know it’s charging because it beeps and there’s a lightning bolt next to the battery in the Status bar – try plugging into a port dock on a powered USB hub. If that doesn’t work, you’ll have to plug into a charger to charge your iPhone.

Don’t pull the cable to detach your iPhone from your computer. Always grasp the hard, square part of either end of the USB cable to remove it.

If iPhone’s battery charge drops very low or runs down completely, your iPhone automatically shuts itself off. To bring your iPhone back to life, you must attach the USB cable to a power source (your computer or an electrical outlet). When your iPhone shuts itself off because the battery charge is too low or nearly empty, you won’t be able to use your iPhone until the battery reaches a minimal charge level. Usually you only have to wait a few minutes before your iPhone turns itself on again.

To preserve the overall life, you should cycle the battery on a monthly basis. Cycling is letting the battery completely discharge and then charging it fully.

More charging options

Apple and other third-party vendors make charging accessories. You can use an iPhone dock, which is a type of base that you set your iPhone in to charge the battery – it’s convenient to have on your desk to keep your iPhone close at hand. Make sure you purchase the dock that’s appropriate for the iPhone model you use. You can also purchase battery packs that attach to your iPhone to get a longer charge. And, if you spend a lot of time in your car, another option is a USB adapter that plugs into the cigarette lighter to charge your iPhone. Many newer car models come with a built-in USB port that both charges your iPhone and lets you listen to audio from your iPhone through the car’s stereo speakers.

You can replace standard electrical outlets with USB-enabled outlets, so all you have to do is plug in the cable. We’ve seen USB outlets more frequently in hotels and airplanes, too, which makes charging while traveling super easy. If charging in a hotel room, make sure the USB outlet still works when you turn out the lights.

Keeping an eye on your charges

The battery icon in the Status bar indicates roughly how much battery power you have. If you want to see a specific percentage, open the Settings app, tap General, tap Usage, and tap the Battery Percentage switch on.

You can see detailed battery charge consumption in the Settings app by tapping General, tapping Usage, and tapping Battery Usage. The screen shown in Figure 2-2 opens. You see how much time has passed since your last charge, specified in two ways:

✔ Usage: How much you’ve used it

✔ Standby: How much time your iPhone spent sleeping

The list shows which apps have been the top battery consumers in the last 24 hours. As in Figure 2-2, low (cellular data) signal is the cause for a high usage of apps that use the Internet like Facebook and Mail.

Figure 2-2: Battery Usage shows which apps are power hogs.

Changing the battery

If you keep your iPhone for many years, sooner or later, you’ll need to replace the battery. Despite our do-it-yourself (DIY) world, you can’t replace the battery yourself. You have to send it in to the Battery Replacement Program. For $85 (as of this writing), you send your iPhone to Apple or take it to an Apple Store, the battery is replaced, and Apple takes care of disposing of the old one. This service is covered if your iPhone is still under the one-year warranty or you extended the warranty to two years with the AppleCare protection plan, which we explain in Book I, Chapter 5.

Gaming, watching videos, and surfing the web use big chunks of battery power. Playing a game helps pass the time on a long trip, but make sure you leave enough battery power to call your ride when you arrive at your destination, or that there’s a power source into which to plug your iPhone.

Keeping the battery charged

Technically, you should get about eight hours of talk time on an iPhone 5 on the 3G network. Realistically, if you play games and go on the Internet, you probably get less. Here are some tips for keeping the battery charged longer and for maintaining long battery life:

✔ Turn off Location Services. Open the Settings app, tap Privacy, and tap Location Services. (Remember though that the apps that use it do so only when you’re using them, so you’re not saving a ton of battery life this way.)

✔ Turn off Wi-Fi. If you have Wi-Fi turned on and there’s no Wi-Fi network, your iPhone keeps searching and searching and consuming battery power. To turn off Wi-Fi, open the Settings app, tap Wi-Fi, and tap the Wi-Fi switch off, or just swipe up from the bottom of any screen to open the Control Center and tap the Wi-Fi button.

✔ Turn off 4G/LTE. If 4G or LTE isn’t available where you are or you don’t need to access the 4G network, turn it off. Sometimes this actually improves access to your cellular calling network. It doubles your battery charge. Open the Settings app, tap Cellular, and tap the Enable 4G/LTE switch off.

✔ Turn off Siri. If you don’t need Siri’s assistance, you may as well send her out to lunch since she’s a power hog. Open the Settings app, tap General, tap Siri, and tap the Siri switch off.

✔ Turn on Airplane Mode. If you happen to be out of your network range, your iPhone consumes a lot of battery power as it continually searches for the cellular network. Eventually the words No Service appear instead of the carrier name, and your iPhone settles down and stops searching. Consider putting your iPhone in Airplane Mode: Open the Settings app and tap the Airplane Mode switch on, or just swipe up from the bottom of any screen to open the Control Center and tap the Airplane Mode button. Both cellular and Wi-Fi are turned off, but you can still use other apps that don’t need those services.

✔ Use fetch instead of push. Instead of having your iPhone constantly check for new information with push, you can set your iPhone to sync with whichever cloud service you use – such as iCloud, Yahoo! Mail, or MS-Exchange – at set time intervals, or sync manually. Open the Settings app; tap Mail, Contacts, Calendars; tap Fetch New Data; and tap the Push switch off.

✔ Use Auto-Brightness. Dimming your screen also improves the length of a charge. The ambient light sensor dims or brightens your screen based on the light it senses. You can turn the automatic adjustment on in the Settings app by tapping Display & Brightness and then tapping the Auto-Brightness switch on.

✔ Turn off Bluetooth. If you don’t have any Bluetooth devices connected and don’t plan to use any for a while, open the Settings app, tap Bluetooth, and tap the Bluetooth switch off, or just swipe up from the bottom of any screen to open the Control Center and tap the Bluetooth button.

✔ Turn off cellular data. Open the Settings app, tap Cellular, and tap the Cellular Data switch off. You can still use the phone and Wi-Fi connection.

Interpreting the (Visual) Signs

In this section, we explain what you see on the Home screen, how to interpret the Status bar icons, and how to read and respond to notifications iPhone sends you when it has something important to communicate.

Home screen

The point of departure for everything iPhone is the Home screen, which features three basic parts (or zones), as you can see in Figure 2-3. At the very top is the Status bar, which we get to in just a few paragraphs. The bulk of the screen holds 16 or more app buttons and folders; the number varies with screen size. Four of the Home screen’s apps stay tacked at the bottom of the screen in what’s called the Dock, which makes it easy to get to your most-favorite apps no matter which Home screen you’re viewing.

Figure 2-3: The Home screen is the point of departure for iPhone.

When a Home screen is filled with apps and/or folders, a new Home screen is added, up to 15 Home screens in all. Between the last row of apps and the Dock is a line of dots (one of which is white, the others are gray). These represent the number of Home screens you have. The white dot tells you which of the Home screens you’re on. In Figure 2-3, you see the first dot is white followed by three gray dots, which means this is Home screen one of four. Flick the current Home screen to the left, and the screen moves one screen to the left; flick the Home screen to the right, and the screen moves one screen to the right. Touch the dots toward the left, and the screen moves one screen to the left; touch the dots to the right, and the screen moves one screen to the right.

Tap any of the app icons on the Home screen, and the associated app opens. If you tap a folder, it opens. Then you tap the app inside the folder that you want to launch. Double-click the Home button and the apps that are open appear in the App Switcher and contact icons for your favorite folks or those with whom you’ve recently exchanged a phone call or message appear at the top.

iPhone 6 Plus lets you view the Home screen in landscape (horizontal) mode.

Staying informed with Status bar icons

The Status bar runs across the very top of your iPhone in either portrait or landscape view, in apps that support landscape view. Its icons give you information about your cellular and/or wireless network connection, battery life, and auxiliary functions you may have turned on, such as Do Not Disturb and the alarm clock. Here is an explanation of each one. Remember, you won’t see them all at once on your iPhone, and some you may never see:

✔ Airplane Mode: You see this icon if you’ve turned Airplane mode on in Settings. See Book I, Chapter 4 for more details on Airplane Mode.

✔ Alarm: Appears if you set an alarm using the Clock app; we explore the Clock app in Book III, Chapter 2.

✔ Battery: The filled amount indicates approximately how much charge remains on the battery. A more accurate percentage appears next to the icon if you turn on Battery Percentage in the Settings app by tapping General and then tapping Usage. A lightning bolt next to the battery tells you it’s being charged. Refer to the earlier section, “Charging Your iPhone Battery” to read more about battery usage.

✔ Bluetooth: Shows that Bluetooth is turned on. When it’s black or white, you’re connected to another Bluetooth device such as a headset. When it’s gray, Bluetooth is on but no device is connected. Some Bluetooth-enabled headsets add their own battery charge indicator to the Status bar, so you know when you need to charge your headset.

✔ Call Forwarding: On GSM models (an unlocked Apple iPhone or an AT&T iPhone, refer to the “Considering iPhone Carriers and Configurations” section in Book I, Chapter 1), appears when you’ve forwarded your calls to another phone number. The call forwarding settings are explained in Book II, Chapter 1.

✔ Cell Signal: Indicates the strength of the cellular signal your iPhone is connected to. If you have no filled-in circles or just one, the signal is weak – more solid circles, stronger signal. No Service appears when iPhone is unable to pick up a signal from your cellular provider. If Airplane Mode is turned on, you see the airplane icon instead of the cell signal circles. If your carrier offers Wi-Fi calling, you’ve activated it as an option with your carrier, and you turn it on in the Phone section of the Settings app, you see carrier name Wi-Fi.

✔ Do Not Disturb: Reminds you that you’ve activated the Do Not Disturb feature.

✔ EDGE (E): Appears when iPhone is connected to your cellular provider’s EDGE data network for accessing the Internet. GSM models support EDGE networks. Read more about Internet access later in this chapter.

✔ GPRS/1xRTT: GSM models use the GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network and CDMA models use the 1xRTT (1x Radio Transmission Technology) network to access the Internet when those networks are available. Read more about Internet access in the “Making Connections” section, later in this chapter.

✔ Location Services: When you see this icon, an app, such as Maps or Reminders, is tracking your current location coordinates in order to provide you with nearby information or other services.

✔ LTE: Lets you know you have an LTE cellular connection; this icon may be 4G, depending on your carrier.

✔ Network Activity: Spins when iPhone is accessing a cellular or Wi-Fi network for any app that uses the Internet, such as Safari or the App Store. It also appears when iPhone is syncing iCloud information over the air, or sometimes when an app is performing other data-related activities.

✔ Personal Hotspot: This icon is active when you’ve connected to another iPhone or a 3G/4G iPad that is providing a Personal Hotspot.

✔ Orientation Lock: This reminds you that you’ve turned off the landscape view feature. You can turn your iPhone every which way, but the screen remains in portrait position – unless you open an app that only works in landscape position, such as some games or videos.

✔ Syncing: Indicates that your iPhone is syncing with iTunes or iCloud.

✔ TTY: Indicates your iPhone is configured to work with a Teletype (TTY) machine.

✔ UMTS/EV-DO (3G): Indicates when GSM models are connected to the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) network, or CDMA models are connected to the EV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized) network to access the Internet when those networks are available. Read more about Internet access in the “Making Connections” section later in this chapter.

✔ VPN: Indicates iPhone is connected to a VPN (Virtual Private Network).

✔ Wi-Fi: Indicates iPhone is connected to a Wi-Fi network. The more bars, the merrier – er, we mean, the more stable – the connection. Read more about wireless connections in the “Making Connections” section of this chapter.

Understanding Status bar colors

The text of the Status bar may be black or white, whichever shows up better on the background of the app or Home screen. In some situations, however, the background color changes behind the status bar when you’re engaged in one activity, such as a phone call, and begin another activity, such as opening Notes to jot down something your caller is telling you. These are what the different colors mean:

✔ Green: A phone or FaceTime call is active but you’re doing something else. You can continue to converse while you do the other activity; it’s helpful to put the call on speakerphone before opening another app.

✔ Red: Voice Memos or another recording app is recording while you’re doing other things. Tap the red bar to return to Voice Memos, or the recording app, and stop recording.

✔ Blue: Your iPhone is set up as a Personal Hotspot and its Internet connection is being accessed by another device.

Noticing notifications and badges

When iPhone wants to get your attention and tell you something, it communicates via badges and notification alerts (see Figure 2-4) and banners. These are different from alerts, alarms, and reminders that you set on your iPhone in that they contain information iPhone wants to give you.

Figure 2-4: Notification alerts often have buttons that give you a choice of actions to take.

A badge appears as a white number inside a red circle in the corner of certain app icons, such as Mail and Podcasts (refer to Figure 2-3). The number indicates how many unread messages or status updates await you in those apps.

Alerts require a response and appear when you want to do something but iPhone needs something else to happen before it can complete the task. Alerts appear in rectangular boxes in the middle of the screen and typically display buttons you can tap to respond to with a certain action. In the example in Figure 2-4, for instance, you have the choice o f acknowledging the alert by tapping Cancel, or by tapping Disable to turn off Airplane Mode.

Banners appear when you’re doing one thing – say, reading an article on a website – and another thing happens – say, you get an incoming email. You see a banner across the top of your iPhone’s screen. You can choose to respond or ignore it. You can ignore the banner, and it disappears in a few seconds, tap it to open the app that wants your attention, or in apps that offer interactive notifications, like Messages or Facebook, swipe down to respond. For example, an iMessage comes in while you’re reading the news on Safari; pull the banner down and a field opens so you can type your response, tap Send, and then return to the article you were reading, without ever having left Safari or pull down on a Facebook banner, tap Like or write a comment, and then return to what you were doing. iPhone saves notifications you don’t respond to in the Notification Center, which you can see by swiping down from the top of the screen. You choose which apps you want to see in the Notification Center and how you want to be notified in Settings, which we cover in Book I, Chapter 4.

When a new app has been installed or an existing app updated, a blue dot appears to the left of the app name under the app icon.

Making Connections

Your iPhone has the ability to connect to a variety of signal sources, which means you can be connected to someone somewhere all the time: to the Internet via your cellular carrier’s data network or via a Wi-Fi network, or to other devices like printers, keyboards, and hands-free headsets using Bluetooth, and to other iOS devices or Macs using AirDrop, which transmits over Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. To help you understand all your iPhone’s many connection options, we’ve organized those options into three sections: cellular and wireless connections; Personal Hotspot, tethering, and AirDrop; and lastly, Bluetooth and GPS connections. You can manage these connections in the Settings app.

Cellular

When you activate your iPhone with a carrier, you gain access to that carrier’s cellular voice and data network. Without boring you with too many technical details, your iPhone typically connects using one or more of the following protocols:

✔ LTE/4G: Long Term Evolution is the most recent cellular communications protocol. Both GSM- and CDMA-model iPhones can access the LTE network where it’s available. This may be referred to as 4G when a GSM carrier accesses the 4G UMTS network.

✔ GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) models

• 3G/UMTS: 3G is the third-generation protocol standard that uses the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) cellular frequency. This protocol is faster than EDGE, but consumes more battery power. If 3G is on but unavailable, iPhone defaults to EDGE.

• EDGE: Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution is the first-generation protocol standard for connecting to the Internet over the cellular carrier network. EDGE often offers a more stable, albeit slower, connection than 3G because it offers wider network coverage.

• GPRS: General Packet Radio Service supports both second- (2G) and third-generation (3G) cellular telephony. Usage is based on volume rather than time. If neither EDGE nor 3G is available, iPhone defaults to GPRS.

• HSPA+: High-Speed Packet Access is a faster type of 3G.

✔ CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) models

• EV-DO: The Evolution-Data Optimized is a 3G or third-generation protocol, similar to UMTS for access speed.

• 1xRTT: 1x Radio Transmission Technology is an alternative 3G protocol.

Unlike GSM-model iPhones, if you have a CDMA iPhone and are actively transferring data over your carrier’s cellular network – to check your email or browse a web page, for instance – you cannot also engage in an active phone call while those data-related activities are underway. Any calls you may receive while using your cellular carrier’s data connection are sent directly to your voicemail. You can make and receive calls while doing those data-related things on your CDMA iPhone if you’re connected to a Wi-Fi network.

When your iPhone is connected to the Internet with one of these protocols, the associated icon appears in the Status bar, as mentioned earlier in this chapter.

If you happen to be outside your carrier’s network, you can try to access the Internet through another carrier. This is called Data Roaming and is enabled by opening the Settings app, tapping Cellular, and tapping the Data Roaming switch on.

Data roaming, especially if you’re out of the country, can rack up sizeable surcharges. Check with your carrier for data roaming fees before being surprised with a whopping bill at the end of the month.

If your cellular carrier contract has a data transfer limit, you want to keep track of how much data you’re consuming. Your carrier may have a dedicated website or app that tracks the information for you or you can monitor your cellular data usage by opening the Settings app and tapping Cellular. Scroll down the screen to see the Call Time and Cellular Data Usage, which indicate the number of days and hours you spent on your iPhone during that period and during the total span of your relationship with your carrier plan and the amount of data you’ve shuttled back and forth over your cellular carrier’s network. At the very bottom of the screen, you find the Reset Statistics button that resets the aforementioned stats so you can start tracking those figures.

You should tap Reset Statistics at the end of the month or on the day when your period renews. Using Wi-Fi for data access is an alternative if you have free or low-cost Wi-Fi service in places where you use your iPhone.

Wi-Fi

You may want to say that cellular is wireless, and you’d be right. But Wi-Fi is wireless, only better. Connecting to the Internet using iPhone’s Wi-Fi feature is one of the fastest – and cheapest – ways to connect to the Internet. Wi-Fi networks blast their typically close-range signals from a device known as a wireless router, which is connected to a broadband modem, which in turn is typically connected to your cable or phone company’s broadband Internet service (or whatever the Wi-Fi router you tap into is connected to, be it at your favorite cafe, on a train, or a public library, for example). Other people can connect their Wi-Fi enabled devices as well, making the group of you a network, as opposed to a single connection. You may need a password to access a Wi-Fi network, and some Wi-Fi services charge an hourly or daily fee to access their networks.

To join a Wi-Fi network, follow these steps:

1. Open the Settings app and tap Wi-Fi.

The Wi-Fi Networks screen opens.

2. Tap the Wi-Fi switch on.

The screen expands to give you the option to Choose a Network, as seen in Figure 2-5. iPhone detects servers in the area, and the Wi-Fi symbol indicates how strong the signal is: the more waves, the stronger the signal. Servers that require a password have a closed lock icon next to them.

Some Wi-Fi networks may require you to agree to the provider’s terms before you can use the network. In those cases, a prompt appears, asking for your permission to launch Safari to view the provider’s web page, where you typically tap a check box indicating you agree to the legal mumbo jumbo listed on the web page. In other cases, you have to type in a username and password in order to agree to the provider’s terms.

If you know the name of the network you want to join and it’s not in the list, follow these steps:

1. Tap Other.

The Other Network pane opens.

Figure 2-5: Choose a wireless network from the list of visible servers.

2. Type the name of the network in the Name field.

3. If the network has a password, tap Security.

The Security screen opens.

4. Choose the type of password this network uses and tap the back button that reads Other Network.

The Other Network screen reopens, and the cursor is blinking in the Password field.

3. Type the password.

4. Tap the Join button.

You return to the Wi-Fi Networks screen. A check mark appears next to the highlighted name of the network you’ve joined. iPhone automatically remembers any Wi-Fi network you’ve joined and connects to it whenever you’re in its range.

iPhone remembers Wi-Fi networks you previously connected to and automatically reconnects whenever you’re in range of those Wi-Fi networks, unless you’re already connected to a network that has a stronger signal. Tap the Info (i) button next to a network name and then tap the Forget This Network button to immediately disconnect from a Wi-Fi network you’re connected to. Tapping this option also erases any password or other information you may have typed in to connect to the Wi-Fi network. If you have trouble connecting to a network you know you should be able to connect to, try forgetting the network and signing in again.

Information about and configuration options for the Wi-Fi network you’re connected to appear beneath the Forget This Network button. Scroll down the list to see the Wi-Fi network’s information and configuration options. Chances are, you’ll probably only view or change these additional Wi-Fi network settings if the tech folks at the company or organization that operates the network tell you that you need to and provide you with the necessary details you must type in to make the connection.

Carrier

This setting appears on the main Settings screen on GSM models (such as the AT&T iPhone or an unlocked iPhone) when you’re outside your service provider’s network – you may not see this option when you’re within your carrier’s network. Open the Settings app, tap Carrier, and tap the Automatic switch on for your iPhone to connect to the appropriate carrier. When the Automatic switch is off, your iPhone searches for available carriers and presents a list of those found; tap the network you want to use. You may incur roaming charges when you use a different network.

Many apps download and upload data with a remote server and use either Wi-Fi or the cellular data network to make those exchanges. For example, Facebook accesses the Facebook server to show you the latest status updates and let you post your own; likewise, the App Store exists in the virtual realm of the Internet and when you access it from your iPhone, your browsing and shopping activity travels on the cellular data network or Wi-Fi. You can better control how you consume your contractual cellular data allotment by choosing which apps use cellular data. Open the Settings app, tap Cellular, scroll down to the Use Cellular Data For section, and tap the switches on or off for the apps you want to allow cellular data access. Even if you tap an app’s switch to the off position, it can still perform its data functions when you’re connected to Wi-Fi.

AirDrop

AirDrop creates a connection between your iPhone 5 or later and one or more iOS devices such as iPhones (5 or later), iPads (fourth generation or Mini), or iPod touches (fifth generation), or newer Macs running OS X (10.10) Yosemite or later. You can then exchange documents and data from apps, such as a contact card in Contacts, an address in Maps, or an event in Calendar. To use AirDrop, follow these steps:

1. Drag up from the bottom of the screen to open the Control Center.

2. Tap AirDrop.

When you turn AirDrop on, both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are activated because sharing takes place with either of these types of connections.

3. Choose one of the choices:

• Off to turn AirDrop off

• Contacts Only to give access to your iPhone only to people with iCloud accounts who are in your Contacts

• Everyone to let everyone on the same Wi-Fi network with an iCloud account see your iPhone

4. Open whatever it is you want to share – say, a photo in Photos.

5. Tap the Share button.

6. Tap the icon for the person you want to share with.

The person receives a notification that you want to share something with her, and she can choose to Decline or Accept your shared item.

Personal Hotspot and tethering

When another device uses your iPhone’s Internet connection to connect to the Internet, that’s called tethering. Tethering essentially turns your iPhone into a miniature Wi-Fi router that broadcasts a signal that you or a few others can tap into with your laptop computer, your iPad, or most any other Wi-Fi–enabled gadget. A Wi-Fi network you can connect to is typically referred to as a hotspot, and on your iPhone, this feature is called Personal Hotspot. You can also connect your computer to iPhone’s Personal Hotspot feature using a USB cable, instead of connecting using Wi-Fi.

To use iPhone’s Personal Hotspot feature, you must pay your cellular service provider a separate fee in addition to your existing cellular service plan. Contact your provider for details. Personal Hotspot also quickly consumes the battery charge.

To share an Internet connection using your iPhone’s Personal Hotspot feature, follow these steps:

1. Open the Settings app.

2. Tap Personal Hotspot.

3. Tap the Personal Hotspot switch on.

Take note of the Wi-Fi Password given on the Personal Hotspot screen.

If Bluetooth is turned off, a notification appears asking if you want to turn on Wi-Fi and Bluetooth or use Personal Hotspot only with USB.

4. Choose one of the following options to connect:

• To connect a computer using the Personal Hotspot feature’s direct cable option, connect iPhone to your computer with the USB cable. In Network Preferences, choose iPhone. Follow the onscreen instructions to configure the connection if this is the first time.

• To connect a computer or other device (such as an iPad, another iPhone, or an iPod touch) using that device’s built-in Wi-Fi feature, choose your iPhone from the list of Wi-Fi networks that appears on the device. Type the Wi-Fi password shown in the Personal Hotspot settings.

A blue band appears at the top of your iPhone screen whenever a device is connected.

Bluetooth

The iPhone uses the Bluetooth 4.0 protocol. Bluetooth is a short-range (up to 300 feet) wireless protocol used to attach, or pair, devices to your iPhone. Unlike Wi-Fi, which broadcasts its availability continuously, Bluetooth has to be turned on to make your iPhone or other device discoverable so that they can see each other. A passkey or PIN is used to make that connection private.

The most common devices paired with iPhone are a wireless, or hands-free, headset or wireless speakers. Other devices that you may want to pair with your iPhone are earphones for listening to music, a physical keyboard, or your car so you can answer calls by tapping a button on the steering wheel or radio. If you pair two iPhones, you can share photos, files, and even an Internet connection between them. To connect devices to your iPhone via Bluetooth,

1. On your iPhone, open the Settings app, tap Bluetooth, and tap the Bluetooth switch on, or just drag up from the bottom of the screen to open the Control Center and tap the Bluetooth button.

The Bluetooth screen opens, as shown in Figure 2-6. Tapping Bluetooth on makes your iPhone discoverable, which means other devices with Bluetooth turned on can see your iPhone. The Bluetooth icon appears in the Status bar.

Figure 2-6: Bluetooth lets you connect devices to your iPhone.

2. Turn on Bluetooth on the device you want to connect so it’s discoverable.

If the device is another iPhone or computer, you have to turn on Bluetooth on that iPhone or computer, too. Active devices show up in a list on the Bluetooth screen on your iPhone.

A Bluetooth headset only needs to be turned on. Obviously a headset doesn’t have a keypad to enter a passkey, but it may come with an assigned passkey, which you need to pair with your iPhone. Check the instructions that came with the headset for the passkey code or try 0000. (It’s usually the default code.)

3. In the list, tap the device you want to pair with your iPhone.

4. Enter the passkey on the keypad that appears on your iPhone, if requested.

The two devices can now communicate across the Bluetooth connection.

5. To turn Bluetooth off and make your iPhone undiscoverable, open the Settings app, tap Bluetooth, and tap the Bluetooth switch off, or just drag up from the bottom of the screen to open the Control Center and tap the Bluetooth button.

The Bluetooth button on the Control Center is dimmed and the Bluetooth icon disappears from the Status bar.

GPS

iPhone’s built-in GPS (Global Positioning System) sensor determines your location. Apps like Compass and Maps use GPS to pinpoint your location. The Camera uses GPS to do geotagging, which is adding the location to a photo when it’s taken. Reminders uses GPS to provide location-based alerts. The GPS is accessed when you check in to some third-party apps or social networks.

When you turn on Location Services in the Settings app (tap Privacy and then tap Location Services), the GPS sensor is activated. We explain the features and functions of Location Services in Book I, Chapter 4.

The Location Services icon appears in the Status bar when you’re using an app that uses it.

Printing from your iPhone

The utopian idea of a paperless society may be near, but it hasn’t arrived yet. Words and images on a piece of paper are sometimes necessary. AirPrint enables your iPhone to print directly to an AirPrint-enabled printer. Many types of files can be printed: email messages and any readable attachments, photos, web pages, even PDFs. Apps you download from the App Store may also support AirPrint. AirPrint couldn’t be easier. Here are the steps to take to print from your phone:

1. Make sure the printer you want to use is on the same Wi-Fi network that your iPhone is connected to.

2. On your iPhone, open the document you want to print.

3. Tap the Share button, which can be one of the two icons you see to the left.

4. Tap the Print button.

The Printer Options screen opens.

5. Tap the Printer button to select the printer you want to use.

Another screen opens, showing the printers that are available in the Wi-Fi vicinity.

6. Tap the printer you want to use and then tap the Back button at the top left of the screen.

7. Select the number of copies you want to print by tapping the plus and minus buttons.

Depending on the app and the printer, you may also have the option to choose double-sided printing and/or a range of pages.

8. Tap Print and walk over to the printer to pick up your page.

Adjusting Accessibility Options for Easier Operation

With the Accessibility settings, Apple addresses the physical challenges that some users may have with iPhone’s interface. They’ve created optional features that customize the interface to make iPhone more accessible. Open the Settings app, tap General, and tap Accessibility. Many of the options have subsequent settings when tapped in the list. We recommend that you consult Chapter 32 of iPhone’s User Guide (http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/iphone_user_guide.pdf or in the iBooks Store for free) for complete instructions on how to get the most out of the Accessibility features. The features are divided into five categories: Vision, Hearing, Media, Learning, and Interaction. Here we briefly explain each feature:

✔ VoiceOver: Turn this setting on to hear an audible description of the buttons on the screen. With some practice, vision-impaired iPhone users can learn the tapping, double-tapping, and flicking movements necessary to use apps. Within VoiceOver, you can adjust the speaking rate, attach a Braille device, select which parts of a web screen you want to have read to you, and which language you want VoiceOver to speak.

✔ Zoom: The Zoom feature enlarges the entire iPhone screen when you double-tap with three fingers. Use three fingers to move from left to right on the screen and one finger to move the screen up and down. Double-tap again with three fingers to return to normal size.

You can’t use VoiceOver and Zoom simultaneously.

✔ Invert Colors: Turn this feature on and all color on the display is inverted, like a photo negative.

✔ Grayscale: Change your onscreen colors to black, white, and gray.

✔ Speech: Within this option, you can choose one or more ways to have iPhone read to you: selected text, screen contents, and auto-corrections, even if VoiceOver is turned off.

✔ Larger Text: Tap this item and then tap Larger Accessibility Sizes to the On position. Move the slider as shown in Figure 2-7 to choose the type size that’s comfortable for you. Your choice is reflected in Calendar, Contacts, Mail, Messages, Notes, and Reader, as well as any other app that supports dynamic type. You can also open the Settings app, tap Display & Brightness, and tap Text Size to make a similar adjustment.