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Physical countermeasures are those that implement some tangible security control to prevent a loss through physical means. Some common physical countermeasures are access controls, such as gates, locks, filing cabinets, and so on. They include physically securing unattended materials or workstations when you are away from the area. They also include getting someone to take custody of valuable materials.

Guards and surveillance cameras are physical countermeasures. Surveillance is a form of detection, while guards provide a combination of protection, detection, and reaction, depending upon their assignment and deployment. It is also important to consider that known detection is also an indirect form of protection. For example, when criminals know that a house or office has an alarm system, which is a form of detection, they might choose to avoid the facility and choose a different target.

When considering physical countermeasures for UIL, keep in mind that countermeasures may be put in place to prevent error. For example, covers on power switches prevent accidental pressing of the off buttons. Guards inspecting outgoing materials can detect when users accidentally take things out of the facility. It may also prevent a malicious act. Again, it is key to understand that physical countermeasures can simultaneously mitigate malicious and malignant threats.