Читать книгу Birds Nesting and Egg Collecting - J. G. Black - Страница 16

“Don’t” is a word schoolboys hear far too much of, but it has figured in all good advice since the Ten Commandments, and you must forgive me for using it rather freely here. I am going to tell you your duty towards the birds, the farmer, the keeper, and yourself.

Birds.—Your duty towards the birds is to upset them as little as possible. Most of them are afraid of you to start with, but try not to make matters any worse. Therefore—

Don’t take more than one egg as a rule. No collection wants two eggs of the same type, though you may have a score of different Blackbirds’ eggs, say, and still have hopes of a new variety. But when the bird only lays two eggs, leave them if she has begun to sit, and take them both if they are fresh; for then she will soon lay again, and it is hardly fair to make her spend all her time on bringing up a single chick. And how dull it must be for the young one!

Of course if you found the famous clutch of 18 Blue-tits’ eggs in a small hole it would be your duty to take about half of them, and save that family from the horrors of the Black Hole of Calcutta, for most of them would be smothered for certain.

Don’t take an egg that is nearly hatched, for you will never get it blown decently. You can tell if most light-coloured eggs are fresh, by simply holding them up to the light, when you can see the yolk shining through; but the unfailing test is to put the egg into water. A fresh egg lies flat at the bottom, but as hatching goes on an air-bubble forms at the broad end, which gets bigger and bigger as the chick develops; and in a few days the egg will stand on its point at the bottom, then it rises to the top, and the longer it has been sat upon the more of it shows above the water. If it only floats like a sponge, just touching the surface, you can blow it easily. In marshy ground, or even in a damp ditch, you can often get enough water to test an egg by simply digging your heel well in, when the hole you have made will soon fill. If the one you try is very far gone, you may as well test them all. If there is an addled egg it may float, but will not bob up like the others.

Don’t think that a nest is deserted simply because the eggs in it are cold. They always are cold until the bird has laid her full number. If she started to sit before, the young ones would all hatch on different days, which would never do.

Don’t disturb a nest more than is absolutely necessary or you may make the bird desert. And when you go to a nest try to make no tracks, or at least hide them as much as possible before you leave, and see that the nest is as well covered up as it can be; for the next person who comes along may not know his duty towards the birds, and anyhow you don’t want to help him to find your nests.

Always remember that the birds are giving you no end of a lot of fun, and it is only playing the game to help them when you get the chance, and at least to do as little harm as you possibly can.

The Farmer.—Your duty towards the farmer is to give him as little annoyance as possible (and he is easily annoyed).

Don’t let him see you on his land. If you are any good at scouting you should generally be able to manage this; and even if he is a friend you don’t want him to think you are never off his land, or he will soon begin to think you a nuisance.

Don’t disturb his sheep at lambing time.

Don’t leave his gates open and let the stock out into the high road or into the young crops.

Don’t break down his fences. It is just as easy to test the strength of a rail before you put your weight on it as it is to make sure of a branch at the top of a tree. If you should bring one down, try and fix it up again, and always put back any stones you may knock down in climbing a wall. And remember that the best place to climb a gate is as near the hinges as possible.

Don’t walk through standing corn or hay; there is always room for one at a time along the hedge side.

There is a big difference between simple trespassing, for which you can be turned off a man’s land, and trespassing and doing damage, for which you can be prosecuted.

The Keeper.—Your duty towards the game keeper is to be friends if you can; but it will generally be more than you can manage to make even a neutral of him. He is much more likely to class all boys as “vermin,” and act accordingly.

If it is peace, he is the man to tell you how to know the signs of the woods and the ways of the wild things in them; and what he says about the bigger birds is generally true, though he is not always very learned in the smaller ones.

If it is war, you must keep out of his way as much as you can, and take care that if you do meet him he has as little as possible to grumble at.

First of all, don’t let him catch you on his beat. This means more scouting, and rather more difficult. Of course if you see him crossing the fields on his way home to tea you know where you have him for an hour or so, and that is the time for any special place you want to visit. But you will not often know where he is, and if you don’t want him to know where you are, the most important thing is to make no noise, whether with your voice or your movements, or by setting a whole lot of Woodpigeons crashing out of the trees. Then if you stick to the hedges in going across country you will be hidden on one side, and much less conspicuous on the other, than if you boldly parade across the middle of the fields. In a wood you can often hide better by standing quite still under a tree than by making a dash for better cover. A keeper is not unlike the wild creatures he, watches in some ways, and any movement is sure to catch his eye, for that is what he is chiefly on the look-out for.

Secondly, don’t disturb game birds on their nests. You may make them desert, and they will certainly make a tremendous racket, which is what you want to avoid. And don’t take their eggs, for what is just an egg to you now, may mean a sporting shot and a good meal for someone next autumn. If you want specimens of their eggs, you have only to visit a few nests just after hatching time and you are sure to find an addled egg or two, which are just as good when blown, even if the inside does smell a little high.

Finally, don’t leave any traces that you can help, or meddle with traps or other appliances, or you are more than likely to get a warm reception when you go again.

Once more simple trespass is one thing and trespass in pursuit of game another which may get you into several different kinds of trouble, from heavy fines to hard labour.

Yourself.—Your duty towards yourself is something like this. Don’t let well-meaning but ignorant people give you eggs, and don’t above all things buy them from the “naturalists’” shops—if you do you are encouraging wholesale robbery of your friends the birds, for that is how they get their eggs. (There is no harm in buying a few fancy specimens of Gillemots, etc., from the professional “dimmers” who get eggs for the market and it’s much better than breaking your neck.) Otherwise don’t have an egg in your collection unless you have found, or at any rate seen the nest yourself. Every egg in your collection should remind you of the nest it came from, the bird that laid it, the search for it, the finding of it, and all sorts of pleasant things. Eggs that don’t remind you of anything at all are not a collection; you might just as well have Seebohm’s book with the beautiful coloured plates, or an album of stamps given you by your big brother when he got tired of it. Quite nice things to have, both of them, but not to be compared with a collection of eggs that you have found for yourself.

Don’t be in too much of a hurry to get all the eggs there are. The season may be short, but there are plenty more coming, and it is good to have something to look forward to. The finest thing in the whole business is finding a new nest that you haven’t found before, and the harder it is to find, and the longer you have to wait for it, the greater the pleasure when it does come. So don’t be too ready to let kind people show you nests, and do everything except climb the tree for you (I have known them even do that); for you never get the same fun out of it as when you do it all yourself.

One more don’t, and that is, don’t take on trust everything you read in this book or any other. It’s probably true, but the oldest of us has not done learning about birds yet, and there’s no harm and lots of good in seeing for yourself. Your long-tailed tit may have a different way of getting into her nest from mine, and in any case it’s a sight worth seeing. Again the way nests are built and what they are made of are things you should be careful to notice; and anything you have found out for yourself is always better than what you get from a book. So take this book as meant to give you an idea of what to look out for, and not as the last word on the subject.