Читать книгу Coal-Fired Power Generation Handbook - James Speight G., James G. Speight - Страница 3

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Schematic showing tendency of coal rank to increase with depth of bur...Figure 1.2 Coal types and distribution in the United States.Figure 1.3 Distribution of Sulfur content of US Coals (Energy information Admini...Figure 1.4 Energy Resources of the Earth (Speight, 2013).Figure 1.5 Resource and reserve terminology (Speight, 2013).

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Coal reserves and distribution in the United States (DOE/EIA, 1995).Figure 2.2 Classification by the Seyler System.Figure 2.3 Classification of the various hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon-producing r...Figure 2.4 Comparison of class number (International System) with ASTM classific...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 General layout of a coal preparation/coal cleaning plant (Speight, 20...Figure 3.2 A dense-medium separation method (Speight, 2013).Figure 3.3 The chance sand flotation process (Speight, 2013).Figure 3.4 Cyclone separation (Speight, 2013).

4 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Data types obtained from (a) Proximate Analysis and (b) Ultimate Anal...Figure 5.2 Reaction of minerals during coal heating (Speight, 2013).Figure 5.3 General relationship carbon and hydrogen content to rank (Speight, 20...Figure 5.4 Proximate analysis and coal rank (ASTM, 2011).Figure 5.5 Calorific value and coal rank (ASTM 2011).Figure 5.6 Illustration of the various segments of coal analysis (Ward, 1984). C...

5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Schematic representation of a coal-fired power plant.Figure 6.2 Variation of coal density with carbon content (Berkowitz, 1979).Figure 6.3 Variation of porosity with carbon content (Berkowitz, 1979).Figure 6.4 Variation of pore distribution with carbon content (Berkowitz, 1979)Figure 6.5 Variation of coal strength with volatile matter yield (Brown and Hior...Figure 6.6 Variation of the Hardgrove grindability index with volatile matter yi...

6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Changes occurring to the mineral matter during coal combustion (Reid,...Figure 7.2 Relationship of burning time to particle size (Speight, 2013).Figure 7.3 H/C-O/C diagram (Van Krevelen, D.W. 1950. Graphical-Statistical Metho...

7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 A Chain-grate stoker (Speight, 2013).Figure 8.2 Combustion process occurring in a solid fuel bed.Figure 8.3 An under-feed stoker (Speight, 2013).Figure 8.4 Schematic comparison of (a) a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor and (b) ...Figure 8.5 A Fluidized-Bed Combustor (Speight, 2013).Figure 8.6 Illustration of the fluidized-bed concept: (a) Gas velocity less than...Figure 8.7 A pressurized fluidized-bed combustor (Speight, 2013).Figure 8.8 The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) process (Speight, 2...Figure 8.9 A Cyclone Furnace (Speight, 2013).Figure 8.10 A Magnetohydrodynamic Generator (Speight, 2013).

8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Uses of the various gaseous products from coal.Figure 9.2 Variation of gas composition and heating value with pressure (Baughma...Figure 9.3 General chemistry of the various gasification systems.

9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 The principal types of gasifiers.Figure 10.2 The Foster-Wheeler stoic gasifier.Figure 10.3 A slagging Lurgi gasifier.Figure 10.4 A Wellman-Galusha gasifier.Figure 10.5 An agitated Wellman-Galusha gasifier.Figure 10.6 A Woodall-Duckham gasifier.Figure 10.7 The agglomerating burner process.Figure 10.8 The carbon dioxide acceptor process.Figure 10.9 The Coalcon process.Figure 10.10 The COED/COGAS process.Figure 10.11 The Exxon Catalytic Gasification process.Figure 10.12 The Hydrane process.Figure 10.13 The Hygas process.Figure 10.14 The Pressurized Fluid Bed.Figure 10.15 The Synthane process.Figure 10.16 The U-Gas process.Figure 10.17 The Winkler process.Figure 10.18 The Bi-Gas process.Figure 10.19 The Combustion Engineering process.Figure 10.20 A Koppers-Totzek Gasifier.Figure 10.21 Texaco process.Figure 10.22 The Atgas process.Figure 10.23 Pullman-Kellogg process.Figure 10.24 Rockgas process.Figure 10.26 The Borehole Producer Method (Braunstein et al., 1977).Figure 10.27 The Chamber Method (Braunstein et al., 1977).Figure 10.28 The Shaftless Method (Percolation Method) – (a) Section through Bor...Figure 10.29 The Stream Method Gasification (Braunstein et al., 1977).

10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Schematic for a typical coal-fired power plant based on coal combust...Figure 11.2 A steam turbine for electricity generation.Figure 11.3 Schematic of an IGCC power plant.

11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 A dry process for flue gas desulfurization (key: ESP – electrostatic...Figure 12.2 A wet process for flue gas desulfurization (key: ESP – electrostatic...Figure 12.3 A Venturi scrubber.Figure 12.4 Vortex and Eddy flows in a cyclone.Figure 12.5 Processes for hydrogen sulfide removal.

12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 The oxy-fuel process.

13 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Simplified crude oil distillation scheme. Key: pipe still – distilla...Figure 15.2 Relative oxygen content of coal and biomass.Figure 15.3 The periodic table of the elements.Figure 15.4 Examples of lipid derivatives.Figure 15.5 Examples of fatty acids.Figure 15.6 Generalized structure of cellulose.Figure 15.7 Hypothetical structure of lignin to illustrate the complexity of the...Figure 15.8 Products from biomass pyrolysis.

14 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 The gasification process can accommodate a variety of carbonaceous f...Figure 17.2 The distillation section of a refinery.Figure 17.3 Relative distribution of heteroatoms in the various fractions of cru...Figure 17.4 Flexicoking process.