Читать книгу Encyclopedia of Renewable Energy - James Speight G., James G. Speight - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
5 A Absorption Absorption Cleaning Absorption Dehydration Absorption Oil Absorption Process Absorption Tower Accuracy and Precision in Analysis Acetogenesis Acid Catalyst Acid Deposition Acid Gas Acid Gas Removal Acid Gas Removal Processes Acid Gas Scrubbing – Basic Solid or Solution Acid Gas Scrubbing – Wet Scrubbers Acid Hydrolysis Acidity and Alkalinity Acid Number Acidogenesis Acidogenic Digestate Acid Rain Acid Rain – Formation Acid Rain – Mitigation Acid Treating Acid Value Activated Sludge Process Additives – Catalysts in Combustion Systems Additives – Fuels Add-On Environmental Control Methods Adip Process Adsorption Adsorption Isotherm Adsorption Process Advanced Cycloning Advanced Flue Gas Desulfurization Aerobic Digestion Aerosols Agave Bagasse Agricultural Residue Agricultural Residue – Types Agricultural Waste Agrofuel Air Emissions Air Emissions – Biomass Plant Air Flotation Processes Air Pollution Alcohol Blended Fuel Alcohol-Diesel Emulsion Alcohol Fuels Alcohol Fuels – Ethanol Alcohol Fuels - Methanol Alcohol Fuels – Propanol and Butanol Alcohols Alcohols – Combustion Alcohols – Corrosivity Alcohols – From Waste Alcohols – Production Algaculture Algae Algae Fuels Algae Fuels – Extraction Algal Blooms Alkali Washing Process Alicyclic Hydrocarbons Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Alkalinity Alkaloids Alkanes Alkanolamines Alkazid Process Alkenes Alpha Decay Alpha Particle Alternate Fuels Alternate Fuels – Gaseous Fuels Alternate Fuels – Liquid Fuels Alternate Fuels - Production Alternate Fuels – Solid Fuels Alternative Energy Amine Washing Ammonia Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic Digestion – Gas Production Animal Waste Annual Removal Apparent Density Aquaculture Aquasphere Aquatic Organisms Aquatic Plants Aquiclude, Aquitard, Aquifuge Aquifer Aromatic Hydrocarbons Arsenic and Selenium Asabe Standard X593 Ash Ash Analysis Ash Composition Ash Content Ash Content – Biomass As-Received Moisture Atmosphere Atmospheric Equivalent Boiling Point Atomic Energy Attapulgus Clay Attrition Catalyst Azeotrope Azeotropic Distillation
6 B Bacteria Bacterial Mining Bagasse Bagasse Briquettes Baghouse Baghouse Filter Barrel Barrel of Oil Equivalent Basic Nitrogen Basic Sediment and Water Batch-Type Processes Baumé Gravity Bauxite Bauxite Treating Process Beavon Process Benchmark Crude Oil Beta Decay Beta Particle Bioalcohol Biocatalysts Biochar Biochemical Conversion Biochemical Oxygen Demand Biochemicals Biochemicals - Production Bioconversion Bioconversion Platform Biodegradation Biodegradation – In Situ Biodegradation Processes Biodegradation – Slurry Phase Biodegradation – Solid Phase BioDeNOx Process Biodesulfurization Biodiesel Biodiesel Feedstocks Biodiesel – Production and Properties Biodiesel – Technical Standards Biodiesel – Transesterification Biodiesel – Transesterification, Catalytic Biodiesel – Transesterification, Supercritical Methanol Biodiesel – Transesterification, Reaction Parameters Bioenergy Bioenergy Crops Bioenergy System Bioethanol Bioethanol Production Bioethers Biofiltration Biofuels Biofuels - Classification Biofuels - Feedstocks Biofuels – First Generation Biofuels – From Synthesis Gas Biofuels – Liquid Biofuels – Platforms Biofuels – Production Biofuels – Properties, Variations with Source Biofuels – Second Generation Biofuels – Specifications and Performance Biofuels – Third Generation Biofuels – Use Biogas Biogas – Upgrading Biogenic Coal Bed Methane Biogeochemical Cycles Biohydrogen Biohydrogen – Production Biological Action Biological Alcohol Biological Conversion Biological Conversion – Aerobic Digestion Biological Conversion – Anaerobic Digestion Biological Hydrogen Production Biomass Biomass Ash Biomass Chemistry Biomass Combustion Biomass Composition and Properties Biomass – Conversion Technologies Biomass-Derived Carbon Biomass – Direct Combustion Biomass – Drying Biomass Energy Biomass Energy Systems Biomass – Extraction Biomass Feedstocks Biomass – Fermentation Biomass Fuel Biomass Fuel – Characteristics Biomass – Gasification Biomass – Gasification Principles Biomass – Gasification Process Biomass – Gasification Reactors Biomass – Herbaceous Biomass – Land Requirements Biomass – Liquefaction Biomass Power Biomass – Power Facility Biomass Properties Biomass – Pyrolysis Biomass – Synthesis Gas Production Biomass to Energy Biomass to Liquids Biomass Waste Bio-oil Bio-oil – Upgrading Bio-oxidation Biophotolysis Biopower Bioprocess Bioreactor Biorefinery Bio-SCOT Process Bioscrubbing Bitumen Black Liquor Blended Fuels Blending Blue Gas Blue Water Gas Boiler Slag Boiling Water Reactor Bone Dry Boson Bottom Ash Bottoming Cycle Bottom Sediment and Water Boudouard Reaction Breeder Reactor BRI Process Briquette Briquette Binder Briquette Manufacture Briquette Properties Briquetting Processes Bromine Number BTEX BTU BTX Bubble Point Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier Bulk Density Bunker Bunker Fuel Oil Butane Butane Dehydrogenation Butane Vapor-Phase Isomerization Butanol Butene Butene Dehydrogenation
7 C C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 Fractions Calorific Value Camelina Canola Oil Capillary Forces Capillary Number Capillary Pressure Carbohydrates Carbonate Washing and Water Washing Carbonate Washing Process Carbon Cycle Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide Balance Carbon Dioxide Gasification Carbon Dioxide Recovery Carbonization Carbon Monoxide Carbon Residue Carbon Sink Carbo-V Process Carbureted Blue Gas Carbureted Water Gas Catalysts Catalysts – Activity Catalyst – Deactivation Catalyst Fouling Catalysts – Hydrogen Production Catalysts – Methanation Catalyst Poisoning Catalyst Regeneration Catalysts – Selectivity and Conversion Catalyst Sintering Catalysts – Solid Acid Catalyst Stripping Catalytic Cracking Catalytic Cracking Chemistry Catalytic Cracking Processes Catalytic Cracking – Process Parameters Catalytic Gas Conversion Process Catalytic Gasification Catalytic Oxidation Processes Catalytic Reforming Catalytic Reforming - Catalysts Catalytic Reforming – Processes Catalytic Three-Phase Reactors Catalytic Transesterification Caustic Scrubbing Caustic Treating Cellulose Cellulosic Biomass Cellulosic Ethanol Cellulosic Materials Centrifugal Separation Cetane Index Cetane Number Char Charcoal and Charcoal Briquettes Chemical Composition of Biomass Chemical Precipitation Chemical Reaction Rates Chemicals Reactive with Water Chemical Treating Chemical Waste Chemicals from Biomass Chemisorption Chemistry in the Aquasphere Chemistry in the Atmosphere Chemistry in the Geosphere Chemsweet Process Chinese Tallow Tree Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier Claus Process Clay Minerals Clay Treating Process Climate Change Closed-Loop Biomass Coagulation Coarse Materials Co-Combustion COED/COGAS Process Co-Firing Cogeneration Cohesive Energy Density Cold Pelletizing Combustion Combustion - Chemistry Combustion – Direct Combustion – Effect of Additives and Catalysts Combustion – Environmental Aspects Combustion – Fluidized Bed Combustion – Fouling Combustion – Heat Balance Combustion – Ignition Combustion – Influence of Feedstock Quality Combustion – Mechanism Combustion – Soot Formation Combustion – Surface Effects Combustion Technologies Combustion – Types of Combustors Combustion Zone Combustion Plants Complete Mix Digester Concentrated Acid Hydrolysis Condensation Coniferyl Alcohol Conservation Conservation Reserve Program Contaminant Contingent Resources Conventional Fuel Sources Conversion Pathways Conversion Processes – Biochemical Conversion Processes – Biomass Properties Conversion Processes – Combustion Conversion Processes – Gasification Conversion Processes - Pyrolysis Conversion Processes – Thermal Copper Sweetening Process Cord Cordgrass Coriolis Force Corn Corn Ethanol Corn Oil Corn Stalks and Wheat Straw Corn-to-Ethanol Process Corrosion Corrosion by Fuel Ash p-Coumaryl Alcohol Counter-Current Fixed Bed Gasifier Covered Lagoon Digester Cracking Cropland Crops Crops – Residues Cross Draft Gasifier Crude Oil Cryogenic Dehydration Cryogenic Equipment Cryogenic Expander Process Cryogenic Separation Cryosphere Crystallization CTSL Process Cull Tree Cultivated Summer Fallow Current Reserves Cyclone Separation Cycloparaffin Hydrocarbons
8 D Darcy’s Law DEA Dehydration Dehydration – Glycol Process Dehydration – Solid Desiccant Dehydrator Systems Delignification Densification Deposition Descending Bed Reactor Desiccant Dehydrators Desorption Deuterium Devolatilization Dewatering Diesel-Alcohol Emulsion Diesel Cycle Diesel Engine Diesel Fuel Diesel Index Digester Digestion Dimethyl Ether Direct Biofuels Direct Combustion Direct-Fired Biomass Dispersion Dissolution Distillation Distribution in the Environment Domestic Waste Downdraft Combustion Downdraft Gasifier Downflow Fixed Bed Reactor Drizo Process Drop Tube Furnace Dry-Ash-Free Basis Dry Deposition Drying Dry Point Dry Sorption Processes Dust Collectors Dust Control Dustiness Index Dutch Oven Furnace
9 E E85 Earth System Ebullated Bed Reactor Ecological Cycles Ecosystem E-Gas Process Electrical Energy Electricity Generation – Equipment Electricity Generation from Conventional Fuels Electricity Generation from Crops Electricity Generation from Waste Electricity Generation from Wood Electricity Generator Electrochemical Processes Electrolysis Electron Electronic Waste Electrostatic Precipitator Emissions and Effluents Emission Control Emulsification Emulsifying Agents Endothermic Reaction Energy Energy Balance Energy Conservation Energy Content Energy Crops Energy Crops – Grasses Energy Crops – Oilseed Crops Energy Crops – Residual Herbaceous Biomass Energy Crops – Short Rotation Woody Crops Energy Crops – Sugar Crops Energy Density Energy-Efficiency Ratio Energy Production from Crops Energy Production from Wood Energy Sources Enersludge Process Enrichment Entrained-Bed Combustion Entrained-Bed Gasifier Entrained-Flow Process Entrained Flow Reactor Environment Environmental Ethics Environmental Issues Environmental Issues – Biomass Use Enzymatic Hydrolysis Enzymes Esterification Ethanol Ethanol Production Ethanol Production – Feedstocks Ethanol Production – From Corn Ethanol Production – From Lignocellulosic Feedstocks Ethanol Production – From Wood Ethanol Production - Yields Ethyl Alcohol Evaporation Evaporation Processes Exosphere Exothermic Reaction Explosive Limits Extraction Extractive Distillation Explosive Limits Extra Heavy Crude Oil Extraneous Mineral Matter ExxonMobil AGC-21 Process
10 F Fabric Filter Fast-Neutron Reactor Fast Pyrolysis Fat Oil Fats And Greases Fatty Acids Feedstock Fermentation Fermentation Chemistry Fermentation Plants Ferrel Cell Ferrox Process Fibers Filters Filter Tubes Filtration Fire Point and Flash Point Firewood Fischer-Tropsch Process Fischer-Tropsch Process – Catalysts Fischer-Tropsch Chemicals Fischer-Tropsch Process Fischer-Tropsch Process – Chemistry Fischer-Tropsch Process – Commercial Processes Fischer-Tropsch Process – Products Fischer-Tropsch Process – Product Separation and Upgrading Fischer-Tropsch Process – Reactors Fixed-Bed Incinerator or Moving-Grate Incinerator Fish Oil Fixed-Bed Process Fixed-Bed Reactor or Moving-Bed Reactor Fixed Carbon Flammability Flammability Range Flash Point Flash Pyrolysis Flash Vaporization Flax and Flaxseed Oil Flexible-Fuel Vehicle Flexsorb Process Flocculation Flue Gas Flue Gas Cleaning Flue Gas Desulfurization Fluid Bed Fluid-Bed Boiler Fluid-Bed Catalytic Cracking Fluid-Bed Catalytic Cracking Unit Fluid-Bed Combustion Fluid-Bed Gasifier Fluid-Bed Incinerator Fluid-Bed Processes Fluid-Bed Reactor Fluid-Bed Thermal Cracking Fly Ash Forage Crop Forest Health Forest Land Forest Residues Fossil Fuel Resources Fouling Fouling Tendency Fractional Composition Fractionation Fractionation – Absorption Methods Fractionation – Adsorption Methods Fractionation – Chemical Methods Fractionation – Distillation Methods Fractionation – Solvent Methods Fuel Cell Fuel Oil Fuels Fuels from Biomass Fuels from Crops Fuels from Waste Fuels from Wood Fuel Wood Fuel Wood – Selection and Preparation Fuel Wood – Use Functional Group Fungi Fusion Energy
11 G Gamma Decay Gas Analysis Gas Cleaning Gas Cleaning – Alkali Washing Processes Gas Cleaning – Biological Methods Gas Cleaning – Chemisorption Gas Cleaning – Effects of Gas Composition Gas Cleaning – Membrane Processes Gas Cleaning – Metal Oxide Processes Gas Cleaning – Methanol Based Processes Gas Cleaning – Molecular Sieve Processes Gas Cleaning – Physical Solvent Processes Gas Cleaning – Process Selection Gas Cleaning – Process Types Gas Cleaning – Removal of Acid Gases Gas Cleaning – Removal of Alkali Metal Salts Gas Cleaning – Removal of Ammonia Gas Cleaning – Removal of Condensable Hydrocarbons Gas Cleaning – Removal of Nitrogen Gas Cleaning – Removal of Particulate Matter Gas Cleaning – Removal of Siloxane Derivatives Gas Cleaning – Removal of Tar Gas Cleaning – Sulfur Recovery Processes Gas Cleaning – Water Removal Gas Compression Gas Condensate Gas-Cooled Reactor Gaseous Effluents Gaseous Fuels Gaseous Fuels from Waste Gaseous Fuels from Waste – Reactors Gaseous Fuels from Wood Gaseous Fuels – High Btu Gas Gas Fuels – Low Btu Gas Gaseous Fuels – Medium Btu Gas Gases and Naphtha Gaseous Hydrocarbons – General Properties Gaseous Pollutants Gaseous Pollutants – Control Gasification Gasification Chemistry Gasification of Biomass Gasification of Biomass – Feedstock Preparation Gasification Reactors Gasifiers Gasifiers – Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier Gasifiers – Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier Gasifiers – Cross Draft Gasifier Gasifiers – Downdraft Gasifier Gasifiers – Entrained Bed Gasifier Gasifiers – Fluidized Bed Gasifier Gasifiers – Moving Bed Gasifier Gasifiers – Updraft Gasifier Gas Laws Gas Liquids Gas Liquids – Fractionation Gasohol Gas Oil Gasoline Gas Processing Gas Processing – Chemical Activators Gas Processing – Process Selection Gas Purification Gas Streams Gas-to-Commodity Gas-to-Liquids Gas-to-Power Gas-to-Solid Gas Treating Geochemical Cycles Geohydrology Geological Age Geosphere Geothermal Energy Geothermal Energy – Electricity Generation Geothermal Energy – Environmental Effects Geothermal Gradient Geothermal Heat Pumps Geothermal Power Plants Geothermal Sources Giant Reed Grass Girbotol Process Girdler Process Global Climate Change Glycol-Amine Gas Treating Glycol-Based Processes Glycol Degradation Glycol Dehydration Gober Gas Grain Crops Grasses Grassland Pasture and Range Grease Car Grease Trap Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gas Production Gross Sample Groundwater Groundwater Aquifer Growing Stock Guard Bed Guard Bed Reactor Gum Gum Formation
12 H Hadley Cell Halite Hardwood Hazardous Air Pollutant Hazardous Chemicals Hazardous Waste H-Coal Process Heat Balance Heat Capacity Heat Content Heat Exchangers Heating Value Heat of Combustion Heavy Metals Heavy Oil Heavy Water Reactor Helium-3 Hemicellulose Hemp Herbaceous Biomass Herbaceous Crops Heteroatom Compounds Heterogeneous Catalyst Heterosphere High-Btu Gas Higher Heating Value High-Temperature Water Splitting Homosphere Horizontal and Vertical Axis Turbines Hot Filtration Test Hot Gas Cleaning Hot Potassium Carbonate Process Humidity Hybrid Poplars Hydrane Process Hydrocarbon and Carbon Monoxide Controls Hydrocarbon Fuels Hydrocarbon Gases – Physical Constants Hydrocarbons Hydrocracking Hydrocracking Catalysts Hydrocracking Chemistry Hydrocracking Processes Hydrodenitrogenation Hydrodesulfurization Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts Hydroelectric Dams Hydroelectric Energy Hydroelectric Power Hydroelectric Power Generation Hydroelectric Power – Turbines Hydrogasification Hydrogen Hydrogen Economy Hydrogen – Environmental Impact Hydrogen Fuel Hydrogen – Production Hydrogen – Production By Pyrolysis Hydrogen Production Chemistry Hydrogen Production Processes Hydrogen Properties Hydrogen Purification Hydrogenation and Hydrolysis Processes Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen Sulfide Hydrogen Sulfide – Control Hydrogen Sulfide Conversion Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Hydrogeology Hydrokinetic Energy Hydrokinetic Power Generation Hydrologic Cycle Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Sugar Hydrolysis – Anaerobic Digestion Hydrolysis – Lignocellulosic Materials Hydropower Hydroprocessing Hydroshear Emulsification Hydrothermal Upgrading Hydrotreating Hydrotreating Catalysts Hydrotreating Processes Hydrotreating – Process Parameters Hydrous Pyrolysis Hydroxylation Hygas Gasifier Hypro Process
13 I Ideal Gas Ideal Gas Law IFPEXOL Process IFP Spent Tire Depolymerization Process Ignifluid Combustion System Ignitability Ignitable Liquid Immiscibility Immiscibility – Test Methods Impulse Turbines Incinerator Inclined Grate Furnace Incompatibility Indirect Liquefaction Indirect Liquefaction Processes Indirectly Heated Gasifiers Industrial Chemicals Industrial Waste Inertial Separator Inferred Reserves Inherent Mineral Matter Inorganic Chemicals Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Hydrolysis Reactions Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Photolysis Reactions Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Radioactive Decay Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Rearrangement Reactions Inorganic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Redox Reactions Inorganic Matter Instability and Incompatibility Instability and Incompatibility – Methods For Determining Iodine Number Ionic Liquids Iogen Process Iron Oxide Process Iron Oxide Slurry Process Iron Oxide Suspension Process Iron Sponge Process Isotopes ITSL Process
14 J Jatropha Jatropha Oil Jerusalem Artichoke
15 K Kerosene Kinematic Viscosity Koppers-Totzek Gasifier Koppers-Totzek Gasifier – Biomass Gasification Koppers-Totzek Process Kopp’s Law Kraft Process
16 L Landfill Classification Landfill Gas Landfilling Landfill Leachate Landfill Leachate Management Landfill Mining Landfill Sites Landfill Sites – Bioreactor Landfill Sites – Construction and Debris Landfill Sites – Hazardous Waste Landfill Sites – Manual Landfill Sites – Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Sites – Sanitary Landfill Sites – Surface Impoundment Landfill Waste – Gasification Landfill Waste – Power Generation Leaching Lean Gas and Rich Gas Life Cycle Impacts Light Ends Light Hydrocarbons Lightning Lignans Lignin Lignocellulose Limnology Linseed oil Lipids Liquefaction Liquid Absorption Processes Liquid Biofuels Liquid Fuels Liquid Fuels from Biomass Liquid Fuels From Waste Liquid Fuels from Wood Liquid Fuels – Biodiesel Liquid Fuels – Ethanol Liquid Fuels – Methanol Liquid Fuels – Propanol and Butanol Liquid-Liquid Extraction Lithosphere Logging Residue Logs and Woodchips Low-Btu Gas Lower Explosive Limit Lower Flammability Limit Lower Heating Value Low-Heat Content Gas Low-Temperature Char Lurgi Combined Reforming Process Lurgi Dry Ash Gasifier Lurgi Process Lurgi Slagging Gasifier Lye Treating Process
17 M M85 Macroalgae Maize Manufactured Gas Material Balance MDEA MEA Mechanical Energy Medium-Btu Gas Medium Heat Content Gas Membrane Membrane Permeation Membrane Processes Mercaptans Mercury Meson Mesosphere Metal Oxide Processes Methanation Methanation Catalysts Methane Methane Number Methanogenesis Methanogens Methanol Methanol – Production Methanol – Properties Methanol – Reactions Methanol-Based Processes Methanol-to-Gasoline Process Methanol-to-Olefins Process Methanol-to-Olefins-to-Gasoline Process Methyl Alcohol Microalgae Microchannel Reactor Mill Residue Minerals Miscanthus Miscibility Mixalco Process Mixing Mobile Bed Scrubber Mobil-M Process Moisture in Biomass Molten Bath Gasifiers Molten Salts Municipal By-Products Municipal Solid Waste Municipal Solid Waste – Energy From Municipal Waste Muon Mustard Seed
18 N Naft Naphtha Naphthalene and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Naphthenes Natural Gas Neem Oil Neutralization Number Neutron Neutron Moderator Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen Oxides Nitrogen Oxides Control Noise Control Non-Hydrocarbon Components Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Non-Conventional Fuel Sources NOx Nuclear Energy Nuclear Energy – Environmental Impact Nuclear Fission Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Power Nuclear Power Plant Nuclear Reactor Nuclear Reactor – Boiling Water Reactor Nuclear Reactor – Breeder Reactor Nuclear Reactor - Decommissioning Nuclear Reactor – Fast Neutron Reactor Nuclear Reactor – Gas-Cooled Reactor Nuclear Reactor – Heavy Water Reactor Nuclear Reactor – Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Safety Nuclear Waste Management
19 O Occidental Flash Pyrolysis Process Ocean Currents Ocean Energy Octane Number Octane Rating Oil-Bearing Plants Oils, Fats, and Waxes Okra Olamine Olamine Processes Olefin Hydrocarbons Open Core Gasifier Open-Loop Biomass Organic Chemicals Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Addition and Elimination Reactions Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Hydrolysis Reactions Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Photolysis Reactions Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Rearrangement Reactions Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Redox Reactions Organic Chemical Transformation Reactions – Substitution Reactions Organic Matter Organic Solvents Other Energy Resources Oxidation Oxygen Oxygenated Gasoline Oxygenates Oxygen Compounds Oxygen Cycle Oxygen Delignification Ozone Layer
20 P Packed Bed Packed Bed Reactor Packed-Bed Scrubber Paraffin Hydrocarbons Paracoumaryl Alcohol Partial Oxidation Particulate Matter Particulate Matter Control Particulate Matter Removal Peanut Oil Peat Peat Swamp and Peat Swamp Forest Pelletization Pellets and Briquettes Percolation Filtration Process Perennial Systems for Biofuel Production Peri-Condensed Aromatic Compounds Periodic Table of the Elements Permeability Petrochemicals pH Phenol Phosphate Desulfurization Photolytic Oxidation Process Photon Photosynthesis Photovoltaics Photovoltaic Cells Physical Solvent Processes Physical Transformation Reactions Physical Transformation Reactions – Absorption Physical Transformation Reactions – Adsorption Physical Transformation Reactions – Dilution Physisorption Pile Burners Pipeline Corrosion Pipeline – Protective Coating Pipeline Transportation Pitch Plant Fibers Plasma Platform Chemicals Plug Flow Digester Plutonium Polar Cell Pollutant Pollution Pollution Control Polychlorobiphenyls Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Polycyclic Compounds Polymer Waste Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds Pongamia Oil Porosity Porphyrins Positron Possible Reserves Post-Combustion Cleaning Potatoes Potential Reserves Pour Point Precipitation Pressure Swing Adsorption Pressurized Water Reactor Primary Biomass Feedstock Primary Gasification Primary Wood-Using Mill Probable Reserves Process Gas Process Selection – Gas Treating Process Selectivity Process Wastes Producer Gas Product Analysis Product Analysis – Chromatographic Methods Product Analysis – Spectroscopic Methods Product Blending Product Improvement Production of Organic Matter in Aqueous Environments Product Treating Propane Propanol Propanol and Butanol Proteins Protium Proton Proven Reserves Proximate Analysis P-Series Fuels Pullman-Kellogg Process Pulping Pulpwood Puraspec Process Purisol Process Purox Process Pyridine Bases Pyrolysis Pyrolysis – Biomass Pyrolysis Processes Pyrolysis Oil
22 R Radiation Radiation – Types Radioactive Decay Radioactive Isotopes Radioactive Metals Radioactive Waste Radioactivity Radionuclides Rankine Cycle Rapeseed Rapeseed Methyl Ester Rate of Reaction Reactor Types Reburning Recoverable Reserves Recovery Boiler Recovery Processes Rectisol Process Redox Processes Reed Canary Grass Reed Plants Refinery Gas Refinery Waste Refining Refining – Fischer-Tropsch Products Refuse-Derived Fuel Refuse Gas Regenerative and Non-Regenerative Gas Cleaning Processes Removal of Nitrogen-Containing Gases Removal of Sulfur-Containing Gases Renewability Renewable Energy Renewable Energy – Sources Renewable Natural Gas Research Octane Method Reserves Residual Herbaceous Biomass Residual Woody Biomass Residues Resources and Reserves Reverse Osmosis Reversible Chemical Reactions Rhizosphere Rice Straw Rotary Kiln Incinerator Rotation Round Wood Products RTP Process
23 S Saponification Value Sasol Slurry Phase Reactor Sawdust Briquettes SCOT Process Scrap Tires Screening Scrubbers Scrubbing Scrubbing Reagent Seashore Mallow Secondary Biomass Feedstocks Secondary Gasification Sedimentation Sedimentary Strata Selectox Process Selexol Process Separation Processes – Definition and Characteristics Separation Processes – Separation of Solids Settling and Flotation Shell Gasification Process Shell Gasifier Shell-Paques Process Shell-Paques/Thiopaq Process Shell SGP Process Shell SMDS Process Shift Conversion Shift Conversion Catalysts Short Rotation Coppice Short Rotational Coppicing Short Rotation Forestry Sinapyl Alcohol Sizing Slagging, Fouling, and Clinkering Slagging Lurgi Gasifier Sludge Slurry Phase Reactor Smog Smog Formation Sodasol Process Sofnolime RG Process Softwood Softwood Residues Soil Solar Collectors Solar Energy Solar Energy – Active Solar Energy – Passive Solar Furnace Solar Furnace – The Sun Solar Pond Solar Power Solar Tower Solid Bed Adsorption Solid Desiccant Dehydration Solid Emissions Solid Fuels Solid Fuels from Waste Solid Fuels from Wood Solid Waste Solvent Extraction Solvent Precipitation Sorghum Sour Gas Soybeans SOX Specific Gravity Specific Heat Spontaneous Combustion Spontaneous Ignition Spray Tower Spreading Stability and Instability Stabilization Stack Gas Stack Gas Scrubbing Starch Crops Starches Steam-Air Gasifier Steam Explosion Steam Gasification Steam-Methane Reforming Steam-Naphtha Reforming Steam Reforming Steam Regenerative Caustic Treating Process Steam Turbine Sterols Stoker Combustors Straight Vegetable Oil Stratosphere Straw Stretford Process Stripping Sublimation Sugar Beets Sugar Cane Sugar Crops Sugars and Starch Sulfa-Check Process SulfaClean HC Liquid Sweetening Process Sulfatreat Process SulFerox Process Sulfinol Process Sulfur-Containing Gas Removal Sulfur Cycle Sulfur Dioxide Sulfuric Acid Treating Process Sun Sunflowers Supercritical Fluid Supercritical Fluid Extraction Super-Slagging Combustor Surface Tension Suspended Particulate Matter Sustainability Sweetening Processes Sweet Potatoes Switchgrass Synthesis Gas Synthesis Gas – Fermentation Synthesis Gas – Fischer-Tropsch Process Synthesis Gas – Production Synthesis Gas – Products Synthesis Gas – Quality Synthetic Fuels Synthetic Fuels – Production Synthetic Gas Synthetic Gas – Biogas Synthetic Gas – Blue Water Gas Synthetic Gas – Carbureted Water Gas Synthetic Gas – High Btu Gas Synthetic Gas – Hydrogen Synthetic Gas – Landfill Gas Synthetic Gas – Low-Btu Gas Synthetic Gas – Medium Btu Gas Synthetic Gas – Producer Gas Synthetic Gas – Refuse Gas Synthetic Gas – Synthesis Gas Synthetic Gas – Water Gas Synthetic Gas – Wood Gas Synthol Process Syntroleum Process
24 T Tail Gas Tail Gas Cleaning Tail Gas Cleaning – Beavon Process Tail Gas Cleaning – Claus Process Tail Gas Cleaning – SCOT Process Tall Oil Tallow Tar Removal from Gas Streams Tar Removal from Gas Streams – Physical Methods Tar Removal from Gas Streams – Thermal Methods Tar Sand TEA Tertiary Biomass Feedstocks Texaco Gasification Process Texaco Gasifier Thermal Conversion Thermal Cracking Thermal Decomposition Thermochemical Platform Thermosphere Thiolex/Regen Process Thiopaq DeSOx Process Thiopaq Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Thorium Tidal Barrage Tidal Energy Tidal Stream Generator Timber Belts Timberland Tires – Devulcanization Tires - Dry Distillation Tires – Hydrogenation Tires – Pyrolysis Tires – Scrap Ton, Tonne Torrefaction Town Gas Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure Trace Element Transesterification Transformation in the Environment Transuranium Elements Traveling Grate Furnace Tritium Troposphere Tumbling-Bed Gasifier Turbine Turbine - Condensing Turbine – Horizontal and Vertical Axis Turbine – Impulse Turbine – Reaction Turbine – Steam Turbopause Two-Stage Gasification
25 U U-Gas Process Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration Unconventional Gas Undiscovered Reserves Unit Process Unisol Process Unit Collector Unproven Reserves Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Updraft Combustion Updraft Gasifier Upflow Expanded-Bed Reactor Upper Explosive Limit Upper Flammability Limit Uranium Urban Waste Urban Waste Briquettes
26 V Vapor Density Vapor Pressure Vegetable Oils Volatile Matter Volatile Organic Compounds Volatility, Flammability, and Explosive Properties
27 W Walker Circulation Waste Waste Biomass Waste – Domestic and Industrial Waste – Effects of Waste – Fuels From Waste – Hazardous Waste to Energy Waste – Toxicity Waste – Types Waste Disposal Waste Disposal – Acid Hydrolysis Waste Disposal – Anaerobic Digestion Waste Disposal – Briquetting Waste Disposal – Enzymatic Hydrolysis Waste Disposal – Gasification Waste Disposal – Incineration Waste Disposal – Pyrolysis Waste Management Waste Management – Biological Methods Waste Management – Chemical Methods Waste Management – Physical Methods Waste Management – Pretreatment Waste Management – Thermal Methods Waste Management – Waste Exchange Waste Minimization and Separation Waste Streams Waste Tires Waste Vegetable Oil Water Water-Cooled Vibrating Grate Boiler Water Cycle Water Cycle Water Gas Water-Gas Shift Reaction Water Pollutants Water Pollution Water Removal from Gas Streams Water Removal from Gas Streams – Absorption Water Removal from Gas Streams – Adsorption Water Removal from Gas Streams – Cryogenics Water Removal from Gas Streams – Methanol-Based Processes Water System Water Washing Wave Energy Weibull Distribution Wellman-Galusha Process Wellman-Lord Process Wet Air Oxidation Wet Gas Wet Milling Process Wet Oxidation Processes Wet Scrubbers Wet Scrubbing Systems Wet Sulfuric Acid Process Wheat Straw Willow Wind Energy Wind Power Wind Speed and Wind Gusts Wind Turbines Wind Turbines – Classification Wind Turbines – Environmental Impact Winkler Gasifier Winkler Process Wobbe index Wood Wood – Biomass Wood Chips Wood – Combustion Wood – Composition and Properties Wood – Fuels from Wood Gasification Wood – Hardwood Wood Pellets Wood Powder and Sawdust Wood – Softwood Wood – Solvent Extractable Material Wood – Thermal Treatment Wood – Uses Woodall-Duckham Process Wood Gas Wood Smoke Woody Feedstock
28 X Xylan Xylene Xylose Xylose Fermentation
29 Y Yeast Yellow Cake Yellow Flax Yellow Grease
