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Butene

Butene, also known as butylene, is an alkene with the formula C4H8 (CH₃CH=CHCH₃ or CH₃CH₂CH=CH₂) (Table B-31). The butene derivatives are colorless gases that are typically obtained by catalytic cracking of long-chain hydrocarbon derivatives during refining of crude oil. Cracking produces a mixture of products, and the butene is extracted from this by fractional distillation.

Table B-31 The defend isomers of butene (C₄H₈).

All four of these isomers are gases at room temperature and pressure but can be liquefied by lowering the temperature or raising the pressure. These gases are colorless, but do have distinct odors and are highly flammable. Although not naturally present in crude oil, they can be produced from by the catalytic cracking of crude oil and higher- molecular-weight crude oil products. Although they are stable compounds, the carbon-carbon double bonds make them more reactive than similar alkane derivatives, which are more inert compounds in various ways. Because of the double bonds, these 4-carbon alkene derivatives can act as monomers in the formation of polymers, as well as having other uses as petrochemical intermediates.