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1.1 What Is R?

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R is a data‐analysis system, a sophisticated calculator and an object‐oriented programming language. It provides an environment for statistical analysis and graphics that differs from standard statistical packages such as SPSS and Minitab; these provide point‐and‐click graphical‐user interfaces (GUIs), while R is command‐driven. Users type commands at a prompt, and the R interpreter responds.

It is possible to get quite far using R to execute simple expressions from the command line, and some users may never need to go beyond this. At a more advanced level, users write their own functions, either to systematize repetitive work or to develop add‐on packages for new functionality.

Probability with R

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