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Оглавление

Hypoglycemia

BASICS

DEFINITION/OVERVIEW

Abnormally low blood glucose concentration. In most species, glucose concentrations fluctuate; normal concentrations range from 60 mg/dl to 200 mg/dl (3.3–11 mmol/l), but lower values could be normal.

ETIOLOGY/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Exhaustion, starvation, malnutrition

Septicemia

Hepatobiliary disease

Pancreatic disease

SIGNALMENT/HISTORY

Animals with severe systemic disease may be predisposed.

Long‐lasting anorexia

CLINICAL PRESENTATION

Weakness

Tremors

Loss of righting reflex

Torpor

Unresponsiveness

RISK FACTORS

Husbandry

Poor nutritional status

Others

Systemic disease

DIAGNOSIS

Blood glucose levels below 20 mg/dl (1.1 mmol/l) indicate hypoglycemia.

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

N/A

DIAGNOSTICS

Detection of hypoglycemia in a clinically healthy animal should not cause concern.

In animals with clinical signs and hypoglycemia, attempts should be made to rule out septicemia, hepatobiliary disease, and pancreatic neoplasia.

Glucose may be artificially low in blood samples stored for a prolonged period prior to separation of plasma/serum.

PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS

Depends on underlying etiology

• The pancreas should be thoroughly evaluated.

TREATMENT

APPROPRIATE HEALTH CARE

N/A

NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT

Consider energy‐rich nutritional support by stomach tube in cases of anorexia.

CLIENT EDUCATION/HUSBANDRY RECOMMENDATIONS

If related to poor nutrition and management, educate clients on appropriate feeding practices.

MEDICATIONS

DRUG(S) OF CHOICE

Treat underlying disease

Supportive administration of glucose or dextrose parenterally (e.g., 2.5% in 0.45% saline, 20–40 mL/kg SC) or orally (3 g/kg PO) may be indicated.

PRECAUTIONS/INTERACTIONS

N/A

FOLLOW‐UP

PATIENT MONITORING

Monitor glucose levels and clinical signs.

EXPECTED COURSE AND PROGNOSIS

If related to nutritional status prognosis is good.

If secondary to severe systemic disease prognosis is poor.

MISCELLANEOUS

COMMENTS

N/A

ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL

N/A

SYNONYMS

N/A

ABBREVIATIONS

PO = per os

SC = subcutaneous

INTERNET RESOURCES

Kaplan M. Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Reptiles. Melissa Kaplan’s Herp Care Collection, January 1, 2014. www.anapsid.org/diabetes.html .