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Family-based immigrant visa numbers are distributed according to preference categories. The higher you rank on the preference scale, the sooner you’re likely to receive a number. The following are the four family-preference categories:

 First preference (F1): Unmarried sons and daughters (21 years of age and older) of U.S. citizens

 Second preference (F2A): Spouses and children (unmarried and under 21 years of age) of lawful permanent residents

 Second preference (F2B): Unmarried sons and daughters (21 years of age and older) of lawful permanent residents

 Third preference (F3): Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens

 Fourth preference (F4): Brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens (if the U.S. citizen is 21 years of age or older)

See USCIS Green Card for Family Preference Immigrants at www.uscis.gov/green-card/green-card-eligibility/green-card-for-family-preference-immigrants.

After the visa petition filed for them by their sponsoring relative is approved by the USCIS, the immediate relatives of U.S. citizens — parents, spouses, and unmarried children under the age of 21 — usually don’t have to wait for an immigrant visa number to become available.