Читать книгу Hebrew For Dummies - Jill Suzanne Jacobs - Страница 13

Hebrew, the language of the Bible, is spoken today in Israel and around the world as a modern language. The question, of course, is where all these modern words come from? Who decides? The answer is הָאָקָדֶמְיָה לַלָּשׁוֹן הָעִבְרִית, (ha-ah-kah-dee-mee-yah la-lh-shon hah-eev-reett; The Academy for Hebrew Language), an institute founded in Israel in 1953 to oversee the language’s development and to create new words as the need arose in a manner consistent with Hebrew’s historical development. So, although Hebrew is an ancient biblical language, new words needed to be developed, such as high tech (תַּעֲשִׂיָּהעָלִית; tah-ah see-yat ee-leet) and start-up company (חֶבְרַת הֶזְנֵק; hehv-raht hehz-nehk), surfboard (גַּלְשָׁן; gahl-shan), jet lag (יַעֶפֶת; yah-eh-feht), and even — when you’ve had a few too many — hangover (חֲמַרְמֹרֶת; ḥah-mahr-moh-reht).

Other timely words include נְגִישׁוּת (neh-shee-goot; affordability), חֲרִיגָנוּת (ḥahr- ree-gahn-oot; exceptionalism), נְתוּנֵי עָתֵק (nee-too-nee ah-tahk; big data), תַּג הַקְבָּצָה (tahg-hahk -bahk-tzah; hashtag), הַעֲלָמַת זֶהוּת (heet-ahm-aht zah-hoot; anonymization), עִילוּת (ee-loot; gentrification), אַחֲוָה (ah-vah; solidarity), and ְ תַּצלוּם מָסָךְ (tahtz-loom mahḥ screen shot).

The Israeli public doesn’t accept all the words the academy invents, of course, although the academy’s decisions are binding for government documents and the official Israel Broadcasting Authority.

Israelis aren’t above taking matters into their own hands and creating words of their own. In the 1990s, Motorola Israel Corporation introduced wireless phones, coining the new word פֶּלֶא-פוֹן pela-phone (meaning “wonder phone).” You can find out more about the academy at: https://hebrew-academy.org.il/. Here’s a great video on the Academy (it’s in Hebrew, but there are English subtitles); https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cY62gLh10CM You can even check out their Facebook page and “like” it at www.facebook.com/AcademyOfTheHebrewLanguage.