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Hermeneutics is the art and science of interpretation, most usually the principles of interpretation involved in the interpretation of the sixty-six books of the Christian bible. Hermeneutic principles include, but are not necessarily limited to, literal interpretation, liberal interpretation, anagogical (mystical) interpretation, neo-orthodox interpretation, moral, allegorical, feminist interpretation, historical interpretation, LGBT interpretation (lesbian-gay-bisexual-transgender), mythological, and folkloric interpretation.

Traditionally, the hermeneutic is only one part of biblical translation. Exegesis, in tandem with hermeneutics, is the dominant and necessary art and science of textual translation and textual criticism. Exegesis includes the higher (or historical) criticism and the lower (or textual) criticism. The lower criticism includes spelling, grammar, sentence construction, word choice, word organization, and flow.