Читать книгу Biochemistry For Dummies - John Moore T., Richard Langley H., John T. Moore - Страница 32
It’s All in the Numbers: Carbon Bonds
ОглавлениеCarbon is capable of forming four bonds. In bonding to itself and other elements, carbon uses a variety of types of hybridization. When it bonds to other atoms, for example, possible hybridizations include four single bonds, one double and two single bonds, two double bonds, or a triple and a single bond. Double bonds to oxygen atoms are particularly important in many biochemicals. Table 3-1 shows the number of bonds carbon may form with some selected nonmetals, along with the hybridization of those bonds.
TABLE 3-1 Possible Bonds of Carbon and Selected Nonmetals
| Element | Number of Possible Bonds with Carbon | Some Possible Hybridizations for Second Period Elements |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | 4 | 4 single (sp3); 2 single and 1 double (sp2); 1 single and 1 triple (sp); 2 double (sp) |
| Nitrogen (N) | 3 | 3 single (sp3); 1 single and 1 double (sp2); 1 triple (sp) |
| Oxygen (O) | 2 | 2 single (sp3); 1 double (sp2) |
| Sulfur (S) | 2 | 2 single (sp3); 1 double (sp2) |
| Hydrogen (H) | 1 | 1 single |
| Fluorine (F) | 1 | 1 single |
| Chlorine (Cl) | 1 | 1 single |
| Bromine (Br) | 1 | 1 single |
| Iodine (I) | 1 | 1 single |
