Читать книгу Understanding Anatomy and Physiology in Nursing - John Knight - Страница 113

In immobile patients, e.g. those with severe disabilities or those confined to hospital beds, the skeletal muscle pump may no longer remain active, resulting in accumulation of blood in the legs and an increased risk of static blood (venous stasis) and thrombus (clot) formation. Risk of thrombosis in hospital patients confined to bed may be reduced by encouraging as much physical movement as the patient can safely undertake or via nurse-led bed exercises or regular visits from the physiotherapist. If frailty makes exercise difficult or impossible then the use of support stockings to compress the veins of the legs can also be effective in reducing the risk of thrombosis. Some patients undergoing surgery may be given subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin, for example enoxaparin and dalteparin, post-operatively to reduce the risk of clot formation (NICE, 2019a).