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For the various material qualities, the possibility of different sample preparation techniques is required. They also depend on the type of the spectrometer as well as on the desired analytical accuracy.

The simplest method of sample preparation is to cut the laboratory sample into a shape appropriate for the spectrometer. Nonetheless, it may also be necessary to homogenize, compress, or clean the sample surface so that the analyzed sample volume represents the material to be characterized. In special cases, it can be advantageous to change the state of the sample by dissolution, digestion, or deposition to achieve better analytical results.

These options are discussed in detail in Chapter 3.