Читать книгу Ethics in Psychotherapy and Counseling - Kenneth S. Pope - Страница 32

Utilitarianism focuses on results, consequences. Kantian ethics focuses on will and intention. Kant (1785/1998) wrote:

Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good, without qualification, except a good will. Intelligence, wit, judgement, and the other talents of the mind, however they may be named, or courage, resolution, perseverance, as qualities of temperament, are undoubtedly good and desirable in many respects; but these gifts of nature may also become extremely bad and mischievous if the will which is to make use of them, and which, therefore, constitutes what is called character, is not good …. A good will is good not because of what it performs or effects, not by its aptness for the attainment of some proposed end, but simply by virtue of the volition; that is, it is good in itself …. and considered by itself is to be esteemed much higher than all that can be brought about by it …. (p. 115–127).

Kant believed that we must always treat others as an end in themselves and never as simply a means to an end.