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One basic fundamental distinction underlying various theoretical views about L1 acquisition revolves around the extent to which language is viewed as basically the result of innate processes, i.e. nativism or a nativist view, and the extent to which environmental factors are considered as primarily responsible, i.e. empiricism or an empiricist view. This debate is far from recent: the ancient Greek philosophers were interested in the same distinction. Plato proposed that humans are born with certain “innate ideas,” while Aristotle mused about the “blank slate” that marks a person's coming into the world.

nativism

A theoretical approach emphasizing the innate, possibly genetic, contributions to any behavior.

empiricism

Theoretical view that emphasizes the role of the environment and experience over that of innate ideas or capacities.