Читать книгу ЕГЭ-2024. Английский. Варианты на основе открытого банка ФИПИ - - Страница 8

Раздел 1. Аудирование

1 Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.

1. With a uniform it is easier to get ready for school in the morning.

2. The discussion about school uniforms has a long history.

3. There are too many disadvantages about a school uniform.

4. School uniforms are a way to save your family’s money.

5. The importance of the uniform may be realized after leaving school.

6. You can always find a way to look innovative.

7. University students never get worried about uniforms.

Говорящий / Утверждение

A

B

C

D

E

F

2 Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.

A. John loves travelling.

B. Amanda has been to Russia once.

C. Amanda’s visit to Russia was in winter.

D. Amanda doesn’t think John will need warm clothes.

E. John will stay at his friend’s in Moscow.

F. John has already bought gifts for his friend in Moscow.

G. John is grateful to Amanda for her advice.

Утверждение / Соответствие диалогу

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.

3 What do we learn about Maggie’s musical education?

1) She attended a musical school for 9 years.

2) She didn’t like playing the piano very much.

3) She didn’t have a special music talent.

Ответ:

4 Why did Maggie want to become an actress?

1) This profession runs in her family.

2) Acting on stage felt natural to her.

3) She wanted to overcome the stage fright.

Ответ:

5 What does Maggie say about directors and directing?

1) She thinks she was fortunate to work with many talented directors.

2) She feels she could herself direct a film one day.

3) She thinks David Lynch is the best director.

Ответ:

6 What does Maggie say is the most important thing for her about a film?

1) The story.

2) The screenplay.

3) The partners.

Ответ:

7 Maggie often plays mothers because …

1) she is a future mother herself.

2) such roles provide lots of opportunities to an actress.

3) people like her in such roles.

Ответ:

8 What does Maggie think of her appearance?

1) She thinks she’s very beautiful.

2) She thinks she should take care of the way she looks on screen.

3) She thinks her looks don’t interfere with her job.

Ответ:

9 What does Maggie love about being an actress?

1) Being able to play both men and women.

2) Being able to look beautiful on screen.

3) Being able to express complex characters.

Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 1–9 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 2. Чтение

10 Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Better clever than lucky

2. Partnership needed

3. Play and learn!

4. A happy chance

5. Glimpses of history

6. Making the game unpredictable

7. A big business

8. Games on your mobile

A. If a student is shy and it is hard to make him or her speak English during a lesson, communication games can be a good solution to the problem. There are literally thousands of board and card games developed by hundreds of enthusiastic teachers worldwide. The Internet will also offer you many shops selling games you can use during your lesson. This way your students will concentrate on the game itself without realizing that, in fact, they are being taught something, and they will feel comfortable.

B. Most people don’t realize board games are actually prehistoric, meaning we had board games before we had written language. Dice was the basis of humanity’s oldest board games. Some years ago, a series of 49 small carved painted stones were found in southeast Turkey. They are thought to be more than 5000 years old and they are the earliest gaming pieces ever found. Similar pieces have recently been found in Syria and Iraq and some other places and seem to point to board games originating there.

C. Many games require some level of both skill and luck. A player may be hampered by bad luck in backgammon, Monopoly or Risk but over many games a skilled player will win more often, and the elements of luck can make for more excitement, and more diverse and multifaceted strategies, as concepts such as expected value and risk management must be considered. European board games are notable for having less luck element than North American ones but there are exceptions, of course.

D. While the board gaming market is still estimated to be smaller than that for video games, it has also experienced significant growth from the late 1990s. The rise in board game popularity has been attributed to quality improvement as well as increased availability. A 1991 estimate for the global board game market was over $1.2 billion. A 2001 estimate for the US ‘board games and puzzle’ market gave a value of under $400 million, and for the UK, of about £50 million – that’s quite a lot, actually.

E. A lot of people enjoy playing board games but they don’t have time to play them at leisure. However, they have time to kill on public transport, when stuck in traffic jams or queuing. There’s good news for board game lovers – there are literally thousands of applications for both iPhone and Android platforms where they can find familiar board games in a convenient format. You can play against artificial intelligence or find a person to play with online. You can now play your favourite games anytime and anywhere.

F. Luck may be introduced into a game by many different methods. The use of a dice of various sorts goes back to the earliest board games. These can decide everything from how many steps a player moves their token, as in Monopoly, to how their forces fare in battle, as in Risk, or which resources a player gains, as in The Settlers of Catan. Other games use special cards that, when shuffled, create randomness. Other games use spinners, timers of random length and so on. This creates unexpected twists.

G. An important aspect of some board games is diplomacy – that is, players making deals with one another. Negotiation generally features only in games with three or more players, cooperative games being the exception. An important facet of The Settlers of Catan, for example, is convincing players to trade with you rather than with opponents. In Risk, two or more players may team up against others. Diplomacy may involve making elaborate plans together thus having more chance to win the game.

Ответ:

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

11 Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

State History Museum

The State History Museum is the largest historical museum in Russia. It is situated at the northern end of Red Square in the heart of Moscow. What once was the Principal Medicine Store now houses a huge collection A__________ the Stone Age. It was founded in 1872 and opened to the public in 1883. The museum is housed in a neo-Russian style building, B__________. It is one of the most prominent buildings in Red Square. Each room is in the style of a different period or region. The walls in some rooms are decorated in the style of Russian churches.

The impressive collection of the State History Museum includes relics of prehistoric tribes C__________ present-day Russia. The exhibits about medieval Russia are excellent. Several rooms of this period cover the Mongol invasions D__________.

The 2nd floor is dedicated to the Imperial period. The exhibits include personal items of the royal family members, furniture and decoration from the palace interiors. There are also various pieces of artworks and documents from the era. Specific rooms are dedicated to the reigns of various tsars. An unexpected highlight is an exhibition E__________ by examining the growing network of roads and how people travelled in the past. The State History Museum has also the country’s largest coin collection, the 6th-century manuscripts and artworks F__________ during their reign.

1. which is an attraction in its own right

2. that once inhabited the big territory of

3. and cave paintings of prehistoric times

4. and the consolidation of the Russian state

5. covering Russian history since the time of

6. that were collected by the Romanov dynasty

7. addressing the expansion of the Russian Empire

Ответ:

A

B

C

D

E

F

Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

An end to second-hand coffee

To the naked eye, this farm is just like any other. But it doesn’t take long to realise that the farm of Jesus Martin, though not huge, is anything but ordinary.

Martin grew up like many others in the Santa Ana Valley – known as the Coffee Triangle of Colombia – on a coffee farm owned by his father and grandfather. “I am the youngest of six children and we all worked the farm,” Martin said. “My parents focused their energies on teaching us the agricultural trade, but also the love behind it.” Despite this great dedication to coffee and respect for his family business, he ended up pursuing a different career altogether: law and business management. It didn’t come easy to him as coffee was never far away.

During every visit to his family’s humble farm, the rich aromas of beans roasting and the smell of his mother’s carrot cake caused his heart to beat faster. Coffee was his life, and in 2004, after years practicing law, he found a way to combine his legal knowledge, business education and family’s lifeline into what he called “the coffee dream project”.

Despite growing some of the most coveted beans in the world, most Colombians have never even tasted the Colombian coffee that is renowned around the world. Instead, local people drink what they call “second-hand coffee”, which is made from berries that haven't fully ripened, have been over-roasted or even infected with insects and diseases. Like most businesses in struggling economies, the farmers only make profits on exports – so they save their best stuff for higher paying countries. “Farming coffee for a profit is very challenging,” Martin explained, tossing a few berries in his hand. “The coffee trade intermediaries, exporters, roasters and big multinational companies are the ones that benefit the most in the coffee-trade chain.” Martin’s dream project, however, was to turn this process around, bringing specialty coffee back to Colombia.

The project, however, was a total surprise for his family. “When I first informed them, they told me I was crazy, they said it was a wild goose chase.”

Even with his background in farming, starting the project from the ground up was difficult. Convincing his workers to focus on quality was his biggest concern; most only cared about quantity since their wage was dependent on how many beans they picked. Martin recalled many hours, days and weeks training local farmers to understand the process, from the colours of the raw berries to the smell and taste of the beans once they’d been dried and sorted.

Once the farmers understood the importance of quality, it was onto phase two: bring the roasting process in-house, instead of paying for the beans to be roasted elsewhere. Buying his own roaster – one of the only five in the entire country – was expensive, but the purchase offered a huge saving in roasting, packaging and exporting costs.

By 2008, his passion started to pay off; he opened his flagship store Café Jesus Martin in Salento. The shop and its team of trained baristas, Martin said, have done much to teach the locals about enjoying specialty coffee. The look on their face when they take their first sip is what keeps him motivated. “They are reacting so positively; they’re discovering something entirely different than what they’re used to consuming,” Martin said. “When they discover the difference in quality of their coffee, they start to care more about where and whom it’s coming from.”

12 The author introduces the farm where Jesus Martin grew up as …

1) a quite typical one.

2) a rather special one.

3) an extremely small one.

4) a very profitable one.

Ответ:

13 The phrase “It didn’t come easy to him” in Paragraph 2 refers to Martin’s …

1) career choice.

2) dedication to coffee.

3) management abilities.

4) respect for his family business.

Ответ:

14 The phrase “… caused his heart to beat faster” (Paragraph 3) shows that Martin …

1) missed his mother.

2) easily got very excited.

3) liked the life on the family farm.

4) drank too much coffee.

Ответ:

15 Martin’s inspiration for the “coffee dream project” came from …

1) his wish to own a coffee roaster.

2) the desire to benefit from the big multinational corporations.

3) his ability to cope with the challenges of the coffee market.

4) his love of coffee and education.

Ответ:

16 How did Martin’s family react to the idea of his project?

1) They fully supported it.

2) They didn’t believe in its success.

3) They thought it would take too much time and effort.

4) They thought he didn’t have proper background for it.

Ответ:

17 The most difficult thing for Martin in the beginning was to make his workers …

1) care about the product standards.

2) pick bigger quantities of beans.

3) undergo special training.

4) agree to lower wages.

Ответ:

18 We may conclude from the last paragraph that Martin’s store …

1) is what Martin’s project was all about.

2) serves coffee that is very different from what the Columbians were used too.

3) is only the first in the line of many more.

4) is the thing he cares about most now.

Ответ:

По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ № 1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.

Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика

Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24.

How the Nobel Prize started

19 Everybody knows about Alfred Nobel. He was the man who __________________ the world a great invention – dynamite.

GIVE

20 However, Nobel saw that people started __________________ it for military purposes.

USE

21 That is why the scientist changed his will and introduced the Nobel Prize. The scientist’s wish was that people would remember something good about __________________.

HE

Antarctica

22 Many people think that Antarctica is just a block of thin ice. It is, indeed, the __________________ place on Earth.

COLD

23 However, during the summer the sun __________________ in Antarctica.

NOT SET

24 It means that Antarctica receives __________________ sunlight than the equator during that period of time.

MUCH

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25–29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25–29.

Anton Shipulin

25 Anton Shipulin is an outstanding retired Russian biathlete. In his long career he won __________________ international competitions and was considered to be among the strongest biathletes of his time.

VARY

26 In 2010 he was even awarded an order by the Russian President. Among his best achievements is __________________ the gold medal in the men’s relay at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.

CERTAIN

27 His sister Anastasia Kuzmina is also a __________________ biathlete. She lives in Slovakia.

SUCCESS

28 She is also an Olympic gold __________________.

MEDAL

29 In December 2018 Shipulin announced his __________________ from sports after the World Team Challenge, which is also called the Christmas Race.

RETIRE

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30–36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30–36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.

A day in Chicago

Lily and her best friend Zoe were driving home from their vacation in California. That was a great adventure which they were enjoying a lot. They 30 ______ to visit so many interesting places. As they were driving closer to Chicago, the ladies were 31 ______ facts from the guidebook about this city, which was their little road ritual.

They had planned to stop first at Millennium Park, one of the city’s public parks made famous by its unique art displays. Lily had seen pictures of her friends posing with “The Bean,” a three-storey steel sculpture shaped like a giant legume, and she was 32 ______ to have one of her own. The piece was completely reflective, so those standing around it could look at their reflections as if they were looking into a mirror. Everybody 33 ______ it made spectacular photographs.

The two travellers spent the day walking around Chicago. They listened to music in Millennium Park, lying on their backs in the grass, peering up at the modern sculptures across the lawn. They took an overwhelming 34 ______ of photographs at The Bean, much to Lily’s satisfaction. Finally, her dream to post this photo 35 ______ true. They met some friends with whom they had gone to university to eat deep-dish pizza for dinner – a Chicago staple. Even before the sun set, Zoe and Lily were exhausted. 36 ______, they still had one more thing to do.

30

1) achieved