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The number brings the ability to create new business models. Let’s look at them.

– Free model (special model)

For example, it uses on Google. It’s about monetization through embedded advertising. That is, such companies sell you, your attention and time, and analytics of your behavior.

– Subscription model

Instead of one large purchase you make a subscription to the service, that is, you include constant «invisible» payments.

We all know Netflix or Office 365. These products are examples of the classic subscription model. The user receives access, updates, services, etc. on a monthly/annual basis.

Plus, for the company – stable flow of money regardless of the season or other factors.

– Freemium-model

Users have free access to the basic (Free) version of the product, which is usually limited in the most valuable features. To use more features or resources, you must upgrade to a paid version (Premium).

An example is Spotify. Everyone can use the service for free (and receive advertising), but if you want more features and better quality, you need to pay for a monthly subscription. This is also a great example of how business models can be mixed.

Now it’s one of the most popular models. In the free version you can «sew» advertising and earn on it, and if the user does not want to receive it, then earn directly.

– Model on request

On-Demand works, for example, in online video stores, where you get the right to watch a movie for a certain period of time (Amazon Video, Apple TV+ and so on. d.).

The same system is used when you book a consultant and pay depending on how long you need help.

– E-commerce model

This is an example of trading platforms (Aliexpress, Amazon) or online stores. Today, it is also the best-known business model on the web, as you can buy almost anything online.

– Platform model (two-way marketplace)

The bilateral market is something that we see quite often on the Internet. Sellers and buyers use the third-party platform (Yandex Market, Ozon) to trade their goods and services.

The biggest problem with this business model is its complexity and dynamics. If you don’t have sellers, you’ll never attract buyers, and if you don’t have buyers, you’ll lose sellers. Thus, the bilateral platform should carefully scale demand and supply simultaneously to keep both sides attractive.

– Ecosystem model

Digital ecosystems are one of the most complex and powerful business models. A striking example is Apple. If you’re in the ecosystem, it’s gonna be hard to get out. Try switching from Android to iOS or back – this is not the easiest task for the ordinary person. However, inside the ecosystem you are comfortable, you get used to «single purse».

– Ownership Access Model/Sharing Model

This is the so-called «sharing economy». Such a system allows you to pay for a product, service or offer for a certain amount of time without obtaining real property rights. This can be a car rental (for example, Yandex Drive, Delimobile), apartment rental (for example, Airbnb) or even industrial machinery. An example of the latter is «Kamaz». As part of their digital transformation strategy, they launch short-term truck rental services. And this was made possible by the widespread use of digital technology.

This business model is one of the most revolutionary when one considers its impact on ownership and the resulting revenues. The car could suddenly become a source of income instead of just generating costs.

– Experience model

Adding experience to products that would not have been possible without digital technology. One example is Tesla, which has brought the automotive industry a whole new digital experience by adding digital services and even a digital ecosystem to its cars, which are now the main engine for their business model.

– Service Model

Here we talk about the fact that the user pays not for the product, but for the service. For example, the fertilizer producer does not supply the customer with fertilizer, but combines expertise and resources, providing services for the treatment of the area and increase of the crop.

He’s got big data that he’s learning to develop more efficient fertilizers, he’s got cheaper technology (economies of scale), more advanced logistics, and so on.

Or, for example, buying industrial equipment, you do not fill your head with questions of its maintenance. The manufacturer collects the data, analyzes it and organizes the service itself.