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Endings of nouns of Declensions I -V in Nom. and Gen. sing. forms

NB! In all declensions, except for declension III, the stem coincides in Nom. and Gen. forms, i.e. remains unchangeable.

NB! The dictionary form of a noun consists of 4 elements: word form in Nom. sing., ending of Gen.sing., designation of the genus, translation: e.g. vertebra, ae f vertebra.

NB! The declension sign is the Genitive singular ending (Gen. sing.), indicated in second place in the dictionary form, after the Nominative singular full form.

NB! As the stem of the word belonging to declension III in most cases does not coincide in Nom. sing. and Gen. sing. forms, it can be found by the Gen. sing. form only, by the way of dropping the ending —is. The Gen. sing. stem is practical and productive, i.e. it joins the endings of all the other cases and plural number, as well as suffixes when producing other speech parts. For example: tendo, inis m – tendon, the practical stem of the Latin word is tendin-.

NB! It is important to remember that the masculine gender of declension III includes names of muscles by function. Muscle names by function consist of two words: the word musculus and the masculine noun of declension III, which designates the function: musculus constrictor, musculus abductor, etc. So, both words in the term are nouns, have the same gender, number and case, but belong to the different declensions (the noun musculus is of declension II). If such a term is followed by another noun, then the latter is used in the Genitive case: constrictor muscle of pharynx – musculus constrictor pharyngis.

NB! In writing, the word musculus is usually shortened to m.: m. constrictor.

NB! If a noun of declension III consists if one syllable only, the full form of Genetive singular is given in its dictionary form: pes, pedis m – foot; the stem is ped-.

abdomen, inis n – abdomen

caput, itis n – head

chiasma, atis n – chiasm (decussation)

corpus, oris n – body

crus, cruris n – crus (shin; leg (of the inner organ))

diaphragma, atis n – diaphragm

femur, oris n – femur (thighbone)

foramen, inis n – foramen (opening)

hepar, atis n – liver

occiput, itis n – occiput (back of the head)

rete, is n – network

systema, atis n – system

tempus, oris n – temple

zygoma, atis n – zygoma (cheekbone)

words – exceptions by gender

lien, enis m (= splen, splenis m) – spleen

ren, renis m – kidney