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Lexical Minimum of the 2^nd Group Adjectives

NB! Adjectives of the 2^st group are usually formed with the suffix -al-/-ar- with the meaning of relating to what the stem names.

NB! These adjectives of Greek origin are formed with the Greek suffix -ide-, the adjectives of Latin origin are formed with the Latin suffix -form-.

There is a number of ajectives formed by means of stems adding. A complex adjective is formed as follows: a final adjective is added to the initial stem of a noun using a connecting vowel o (a noun stem + o + an adjective): e.g. sternohyoideus, a, um; humeromuscularis, e.

Comparative Degree of Adjectives

NB! The dictionary form of adjectives in a comparative degree consists of 2 elements: the full form in masculine and feminine gender, the neuter ending: superior, ius. Other case and number endings are attached directly to the full form in masculine and feminine gender.

NB! In the Latin anatomical terminology, six comparative adjectives should be memorized:

NB! The superlative adjectives are formed with the suffix -issim-/-rim- or by way of changing the stem. The dictionary form of adjectives in superlative degree shows their three generic endings: a full adjective form with a masculine ending, a feminine ending, a neuter ending: latissimus, a, um – widest, broadest. The stem is found by dropping the masculine ending.

circum- – around – circumflexus circumflex

ex (tra) – - external – extracellularis extracellular

inter- – between – intervertebralis intervertebral

in (tra) – - internal – intramuscularis intramuscular

infra-, sub-, hypo- – under – infraorbitalis infraorbital, sublingualis sublingual, hypoglossus hypoglossal

super-, supra-, epi- – above – supraclavicularis supraclavicular, epigastricus epigastric

re (tro) – - behind – retrosternalis retrosternal

pr (a) e-, ante- – in front of, before – praecaecalis prececal, antebrachium forearm

post- – behind, after – postnodalis postnodal

para- – near – paranasalis paranasal

peri- – around – perivascularis perivascular

semi- – half, one-sided – semilunaris semilunar

Names of Intestines

NB! Names of intestines represent substantive adjectives, i.e. adjectives that have passed into the category of nouns of declension II, the neuter gender, with the exception of two names: intestinum tenue; intestinum crassum.

intestinum, i n – intestine [bowel, gut]

caecum, i n – cecum [blind gut]

colon, i n – colon [middle gut]

duodenum, i n – duodenum [duodenal gut]

ileum, i n – ileum [twisted intestine]

jejunum, i n – jejunum [empty intestine]

intestinum tenue – small intestine [little gut]

intestinum crassum – large intestine [large gut]

rectum, i n – rectum

Names of Linings

NB! Names of linings represent substantive adjectives, i.e. adjectives that have passed into the category of nouns of declension I, the feminine gender, with the exception of three names: tunica muscularis; dura mater; pia mater.

tunica, ae f – coat, tunic, lining, membrane

Names of Teeth

dens caninus – canine tooth, cuspid

dens deciduus (lacteus, primarius, caducus) – milk tooth, baby tooth

dens incisivus – incisor

dens molaris – molar

dens permanens – permanent tooth, secondary tooth

dens praemolaris – premolar

dens serotinus [dens sapientiae] – wisdom tooth

Plural Number of Nouns and Adjectives

NB! For comparative adjectives, plural endings are attached directly to the full masculine and feminine form: superior, ius – superiores, superiora, superiorum; major, jus – majores, majora, majorum.

Lexical Minimum of Terms Always Used in Plural

NB! As an exception, the noun vas, vasis n, declension III, is declined according to the pattern of declension II in the Gen. plur. form: vasorum.