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1 1 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 2004 (New York: UNDP, 2004), p. 127.

2 2 See, generally, Wolfgang Sachs, The Development Dictionary: A Guide to Knowledge as Power (Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 2003).

3 3 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), World Economic and Social Survey 2010: Retooling Global Development (New York: United Nations, 2010).

4 4 Ibid.

5 5 Nancy Birdsall and Francis Fukuyama, “The Post‐Washington Consensus: Development after the Crisis,” Foreign Affairs (March/April 2011); UN DESA, World Economic and Social Survey 2010.

6 6 Barbara Ward, Progress for a Small Planet (New York: W. W. Norton, 1979).

7 7 African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights, Art. 22 (1982).

8 8 Birdsall and Fukuyama, “The Post‐Washington Consensus.” (“The global food, energy and financial crises that exposed the systemic flaws inherent in the functioning of deregulated global markets required governments to step in to address those crises – and in ways that dealt a blow to the conventional wisdom underpinning the Washington Consensus.”)

9 9 Ibid.

10 10 United Nations, The Millennium Development Goals Report 2014, p. 4, at http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2014%20MDG%20report/MDG%202014%20English%20web.pdf (accessed July 2015).

11 11 Ibid.

12 12 United Nations, Millennium Development Goals website, at http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/global.shtml (accessed December 2018).

13 13 Birdsall and Fukuyama, “The Post‐Washington Consensus.”

14 14 See, generally, Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, Development Assistance Committee website, at https://data.oecd.org/oda/net‐oda.htm (accessed December 2018).

15 15 Compton Bourne, Financing for Development Challenges in Caribbean SIDS: A Case for Review of Eligibility Criteria for Access to Concessional Financing. United Nations Development Programme (2015).

16 16 See, generally, The Giving Pledge website, at www.givingpledge.org (last accessed December 2018); see also Stephanie Strom, “Billionaires’ Pledge to Give Away Half Gains Followers,” New York Times (August 5, 2010), p. A15.

17 17 The Giving Pledge website, at www.givingpledge.org (last accessed December 2018).

18 18 Peter Koteki, “The billionaire ‘Giving Pledge’ signed by Bill Gates and Elon Musk could soon be worth up to $600 billion.” Business Insider (July 18, 2018), at https://www.businessinsider.com/bill‐gates‐elon‐musk‐giving‐pledge‐may‐reach‐600‐billion‐2018‐7/ (last visited December 2018) (citing the 2017 Wealth X Billionaire Census).

19 19 OECD, Development Co‐operation Report 2018: Joining Forces to Leave No One Behind, p. 33.

20 20 Ibid., p. 40.

21 21 ONE Campaign, The Trillion‐Dollar Scandal (2014), at https://s3.amazonaws.com/one.org/pdfs/Trillion_Dollar_Scandal_report_EN.pdf (accessed July 2015).

22 22 Ibid.

23 23 UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, SEcretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, State of the World’s Indigenous Peoples, document ST/ESA/328 (2010), p1, at http://un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/SOWIP/en/SOWIP_web.pdf

24 24 Minority rights Group International, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Brazil, Yanomami (2008).

25 25 James Brooke, “Brazil Evicting Miners in Amazon to Reclaim Land for the Indians,” New York Times (March 8, 1993), p. A4.

26 26 Ibid.

27 27 James Brooke, “In an Almost Untouched Jungle Gold Miners Threaten Indian Ways,” New York Times (September 18, 1990), p. B6.

28 28 Larry Rohter, “A New Intrusion Threatens a Tribe in Amazon: Soldiers,” New York Times (October 1, 2002), p. A1.

29 29 “Yanomami “Massacred” by Goldminers in Venezuela,” Survival International (August 30, 2012), at https://dissidentvoice.org/2012/08/yanomami‐massacred‐by‐goldminers‐in‐venezuela/ (accessed November 2018).

30 30 “Deadly measles epidemic hits isolated Yanomami tribe,” Survival International (June 28, 2018), https://survivalinternational.org/news/11967 (accessed November 2018).

31 31 One encouraging sign is that when Western scientists seek information from the medicine men of indigenous peoples about natural drugs and health cures, the medicine men are given new respect. This new respect might help encourage some of their youth to study under them. But, all too often today, when the medicine men die, the knowledge they have acquired dies with them. See Daniel Goleman, “Shamans and Their Longtime Lore May Vanish with the Forests,” New York Times, June 11, 1991, p. B5. As an example of a study showing the harmful effects Western contact can have on the culture of indigenous peoples, see Katharine Milton, “Civilization and Its Discontents,” Natural History (March 1992), pp. 37–43.

32 32 As one author has written: “[indigenous peoples] may offer living examples of cultural patterns that can help revive ancient values for everyone: devotion to future generations, ethical regard for nature, and commitment ot community among people.” Alan Durning, “Supporting Indigenous Peoples,” in Lester R. Brown et al., State of the World 1993 (New York: W.W. Norton, 1993), p. 100.