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In this exercise, your instructor will assign you one or more cores from Table 2.1. A corresponding photo of each core can be accessed in the supplemental resources. Note that all of the cores in Table 2.1 are either core numbers 1, 2, or 3. This means that these cores are at or close to the top of the sediment sequence on the seafloor. Therefore, the sediment in these cores represents modern or very recent environmental conditions at that location in the ocean. For a review of the nomenclature for core identification, see Chapter 1, Part 2 (Figures 1.10 and 1.11).

TABLE 2.1. Seafloor cores.

	Core identification: expedition‐site &hole‐core&type1	Site location description	Site location (latitude/longitude)	Water depth (m)	References
	Pacific cores
1	112‐687A‐2H	Peru continental shelf	12.9S/77.0 W	316	Suess et al. (1988)
2	35‐324‐1	SE Pacific basin, North of Antarctica	69S/98.8 W	4433	Hollister et al. (1976)
3	28‐269‐1	Ross Sea, South of Australia, margin of Antarctica	61.7S/140.1E	4282	Hayes et al. (1975)
4	145‐886B‐2H	Chinook Trough, North Pacific abyssal plain	44.7 N/168.2 W	5743	Rea et al. (1993)
5	145‐882A‐2H	Detroit Seamount NW Pacific	50.36 N/167.6 E	3243.8	Rea et al. (1993)
6	145‐881A‐1	NW Pacific, east of the Sea of Okhotsk	47.1 N/161.5 E	5531.1	Rea et al. (1993)
7	145‐887C‐2H	Patton‐Murray Seamount, NE Pacific	54.4 N/148.5 W	3633.6	Rea et al. (1993)
8	19‐188‐2	Bering Sea	53.8 N/178.7 E	2649	Creager et al. (1973)
9	18‐182‐1	Alaskan continental slope	57.9 N/148.7 W	1419	Kulm et al. (1973)
10	33‐318‐2	Line Islands Ridge, south central Pacific	14.8 S/146.9 W	2641	Schlanger et al. (1976)
11	8‐75‐1	Marquesas Fracture Zone, central Pacific abyssal plain	12.5 S/135.3 W	4181	Tracey et al. (1971)
12	92‐597‐1	SE Pacific abyssal plain	18.8 S/129.8 W	4166	Leinen et al. (1986)
13	178‐1101A‐2H	Antarctic Peninsula continental rise	64.4 S/70.3 W	3279.7	Barker et al. (1999)
14	178‐1096A‐1H	Antarctic Peninsula continental rise	67.57 S/77.0 W	3152	Barker et al. (1999)
15	178‐1097A‐3R	Antarctic Peninsula shelf	66.4 S/70.75 W	551.7	Barker et al. (1999)
16	29‐278‐3	South of New Zealand	56.6 S/160.1 E	3675	Kennett et al. (1974)
17	202‐1236A‐2H	Nazca Ridge, SE Pacific	21.4 S/81.44 W	1323.7	Mix et al. (2003)
18	8‐70‐1	Central equatorial Pacific	6.3 N/140.4 W	5059	Tracey et al. (1971)
19	138‐844B‐1	Eastern equatorial Pacific	7.9 N/90.5 W	3425	Mayer et al. (1992)
20	136‐842A‐1H	South of Hawaii	19.3 N/159.1 W	4430.2	Dziewonski et al. (1992)
21	198‐1209A‐2H	Shatsky Rise, NW Pacific	32.7 N/158.5 E	2387.2	Bralower et al. (2002)
22	199‐1215A‐2H	NE of Hawaii, North Pacific abyssal plain	26.0 N/147.9 W	5395.6	Lyle et al. (2002)
23	86‐576‐2	West of Midway Island, North Pacific abyssal plain	32.4 N/164.3 E	6217	Heath et al. (1985)
24	195‐1201B‐2H	Philippine Sea	19.3 N/135.1 E	5710.2	Salisbury et al. (2002)
25	130‐807A‐2H	Ontong Java Plateau, western equatorial Pacific	3.6 N/156.6 E	2803.8	Kroenke et al. (1991)
26	181‐1125A‐2H	Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand	42.6 S/178.2 W	1364.6	Carter et al. (1999)
27	169‐1037A‐1H	Escanaba Trough, west of Oregon and N. California	41.0 N/127.5 W	3302.3	Fouquet et al. (1998)
28	146‐888B‐2H	Cascadia margin, west of Vancouver, BC	48.2 N/126.7 W	2516.3	Westbrook et al. (1994)
29	167‐1010E‐1H	West of Baja California	30.0 N/118.1 W	3464.7	Lyle et al. (1997)
30	17‐166‐2	Western equatorial Pacific	3.7 N/175.1 W	4962	Winterer et al. (1973)
31	127‐795A‐2H	Japan Sea	44.0 N/139.0 E	3300.2	Tamaki et al. (1990)
32	28‐274‐2	North of Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica	69.0 S/173.4 E	3305	Hayes et al. (1975)
	North Atlantic Cores
33	37‐333‐2	Western flank of Mid‐Atlantic Ridge	36.8 N/33.7 W	1666	Aumento et al. (1977)
34	82‐558‐3	Western flank of Mid‐Atlantic Ridge	33.8 N/37.3 W	3754	Bougault et al. (1985)
35	172‐1063A‐2H	Northeast Bermuda Rise	33.7 N/57.6 W	4583.5	Keigwin et al. (1998)
36	105‐646A‐2H	Labrador Sea, south of Greenland	58.2 N/48.4 W	3440.3	Srivastava et al. (1987)
37	162‐980A‐2H	Rockall Bank, west of Ireland	55.5 N/14.7 W	2172.2	Jansen et al. (1996)
38	152‐919A‐2H	SE Greenland, continental rise	62.7 N/37.5 W	2088.2	Larsen et al. (1994)
39	174‐1073‐1H	New Jersey continental shelf	39.2 N/72.3 W	639.4	Austin et al. (1998)
40	14‐137‐3H	Madeira abyssal plain	25.9 N/27.1 W	5361	Hayes et al. (1972)

¹ The letter indicating the type of drilling (e.g. A for advanced piston coring) is not always included in the core identification (Column 1 of Table 2.1). This is because early on in the drilling program, there was only one type of coring (rotary), and thus no special notation was needed. Core identification in Table 2.1 will match the core identification on the related core photos, which are accessible in the online supplemental materials.

To do:

1 Find your assigned core(s) in Table 2.1 and on the base map (Figure 2.2). Examine the photo of your core (see supplemental resources) and make a list of observations and a list of questions about what you see:

ID of your assigned core(s) (e.g. 112‐687A‐2H)	Observations about your core(s)	Questions about your core(s)

1 Lithology refers to the visible physical characteristics of sediment or rock. Design a way to organize and record your observations of the lithology of the sediment in your core that could be used by all of the students in the class for all of the cores. This means you need to come up with categories (e.g. color, sedimentary structures) for your observations and also a means of recording them (i.e. all observations written, all observations sketched, some combination of the two?). Record your ideas below:

Categories of Observations to Include	How to Record those Observations

1 Use the core description form provided by your instructor OR use the space below to describe the lithologic features of one of your sediment cores based on your observations of the core photo. The core photos are available in the supplementary resources. If you are using the space below, follow a format agreed upon by your class. FIGURE 2.2. Physiographic map of the world's oceans, showing bathymetric features and the site numbers and water depths (meters) of locations used in this exercise.Map modified from: Hubbard Scientific, http://www.amep.com/standarddetail.asp?cid=1119.

2 Based on the work you have done in this exercise, explain the importance of a systematic, complete, and consistent method of recording scientific observations.