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The simplest example of a layout is a string stretched between two stakes to establish a straight line. Instead of tying the line to the stakes, we recommend the more accurate method of securing the string to nails in the top of each stake. In construction surveying’s lingo, this is called the hub and tack method; that is, the stake is a hub and the nail is a tack.

Here’s how to do get started for a fence or a square or rectangular patio or deck or even a pathway (refer to Figure 4-2):

1 With a sledgehammer, pound 18-inch (45.7 cm) stakes 6 to 12 inches (15.2 to 30.5 cm) into the ground at each end of the proposed line.

2 Pound in a small nail at the top, in the center, of each stake — only partway.

3 Tie a string from one nail to the other.