Читать книгу Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence - Laura E. Levine - Страница 102

While some concepts in psychoanalytic theory have been supported by research, others have not. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory has been controversial, yet ideas that come from it are still very influential, particularly in the study of development of mental and emotional disorders (Fonagy, Target, & Gergely, 2006). Many psychotherapists continue to practice therapy based on Freud’s idea that inner conflicts from earlier life experiences, especially early trauma, form the basis for later psychological symptoms, and bringing those inner conflicts from the unconscious mind into consciousness will be therapeutic.

T/F #2

Freud’s psychoanalytic theory is based on outdated ideas so it is not relevant to the field of child development today. False.

Erikson’s ideas about the effect of social experiences on development have influenced our understanding of the way development occurs as a series of interrelated experiences. For instance, we better understand the challenge of adolescence when we see it as a struggle to establish a coherent sense of individual identity that emerges from the previous stages of development (Becht et al., 2016; Meeus, van de Schoot, Keijsers, & Branje, 2012). In addition, research has shown that successfully resolving the developmental crises at each of Erikson’s stages has been linked to resilience, which includes the ability to cope with stress (Svetina, 2014). Throughout this book you will read more about resilience and stress as it affects children throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Erikson’s theoretical ideas have been used as a framework for parenting advice (Fletcher & Branen, n.d.) and in the treatment of children with emotional disturbances (Turns & Kimmes, 2014).