Читать книгу Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence - Laura E. Levine - Страница 105

A very different school of thought about how children develop is offered by the learning theories. Whereas psychoanalytic theory focuses on internal processes of the mind, the learning theories focus on observable behavior. These theories are based on the link between a stimulus (an event in the external environment) and an individual’s response. In the following sections we describe the theories known as behaviorism (which is based on principles of classical and operant conditioning) and social cognitive theory (which is based on principles of modeling and imitation).

Behaviorism: The theory developed by John B. Watson that focuses on environmental control of observable behavior.

Social cognitive theory: The theory that individuals learn by observing others and imitating their behavior.