Читать книгу Child Development From Infancy to Adolescence - Laura E. Levine - Страница 259

In the first stage of labor, contractions dilate and efface the cervix to 10 centimeters. In the second stage, the infant is born. In the third stage, the placenta is delivered. Women decide where they will deliver their babies and who will assist them. Babies are physiologically prepared to handle the stress of the birth experience. The newborn’s condition can be assessed using the Apgar scale. The circumstances of a woman’s labor and delivery vary greatly across cultures.