Оглавление
Lee G. Bolman. Reframing Organizations
Table of Contents
List of Exhibits
Guide
Pages
REFRAMING ORGANIZATIONS
PREFACE
OUTLINE OF THE BOOK
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction: The Power of Reframing
VIRTUES AND DRAWBACKS OF ORGANIZED ACTIVITY
Management's Track Record
Strategies for Improving Organizations
FRAMING
Reframing
The Four Frames
Four Frames: As Near as Your Local Bookstore
Factories
Families
Jungles
Temples and Carnivals
The FBI and the CIA: A Four‐Frame Story
Multi‐Frame Thinking
Engineering and Art
CONCLUSION
Notes
Chapter 2 Simple Ideas, Complex Organizations
COMMON FALLACIES IN EXPLAININGORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS
Greatest Hits from Organization Studies. Hit Number 8: James G. March and Herbert A. Simon, Organizations (New York: Wiley, 1958)
PECULIARITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS
When Bosses Rush In
ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING
MAKING SENSE OF AMBIGUITY AND COMPLEXITY
Impact of Mental Models
CONCLUSION
Note
PART TWO The Structural Frame
Chapter 3 Getting Organized
STRUCTURAL ASSUMPTIONS
Origins of the Structural Perspective
STRATEGY
STRUCTURAL FORMS AND FUNCTIONS
Basic Structural Tensions
VERTICAL COORDINATION
Authority
Rules and Policies
Planning and Control Systems
LATERAL COORDINATION
Meetings
Project Teams and Task Forces
Coordinating Roles
Matrix Structures
Networks
DESIGNING A STRUCTURE THAT WORKS
Vertical or Lateral?
McDonald's and Harvard: A Structural Odd Couple
Structural Differences in the Same Industry
Structural Imperatives
Size and Age
Core Process
Strategy and Goals
Information Technology
Nature of the Workforce
Challenges of Global Organization
CONCLUSION
Chapter 4 Structure and Restructuring
STRUCTURAL DILEMMAS
Differentiation Versus Integration
Gap Versus Overlap
Underuse Versus Overload
Lack of Clarity Versus Lack of Creativity
Excessive Autonomy Versus Excessive Interdependence
Too Loose Versus Too Tight
Goal‐less Versus Goal‐bound
Irresponsible Versus Unresponsive
Greatest Hits from Organization Studies. Hit Number 5: Michael C. Jensen and William H. Meckling, “Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure,” Journal of Financial Economics 3 (1976), 305–360
STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATIONS
Mintzberg's Fives
Simple Structure
Machine Bureaucracy
Professional Bureaucracy
Divisionalized Form
Adhocracy
Helgesen's Web of Inclusion
GENERIC ISSUES IN RESTRUCTURING
WHY RESTRUCTURE?
MAKING RESTRUCTURING WORK: TWO CASE EXAMPLES
Beth Israel Hospital
Ford Motor Company
Principles of Successful Structural Change
CONCLUSION
Chapter 5 Organizing Groups and Teams
TASKS AND LINKAGES IN SMALL GROUPS
Contextual Variables
Some Fundamental Team Configurations
TEAMWORK AND INTERDEPENDENCE
Baseball
Football
Basketball
DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESSFUL TEAMWORK
TEAM STRUCTURE AND TOP PERFORMANCE
SELF‐MANAGING TEAMS: STRUCTURE OF THE FUTURE? Trader Joe's
Saturn: A Noble Experiment, Lessons Learned
CONCLUSION
PART THREE The Human Resource Frame
Chapter 6 People and Organizations
HUMAN RESOURCE ASSUMPTIONS
Human Needs
WORK AND MOTIVATION: A BRIEF TOUR
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Expectancy Theory
Personality and Organization
HUMAN CAPACITY AND THE CHANGING EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT
Lean and Mean: More Benefits Than Costs?
Investing in People
CONCLUSION
Note
Chapter 7 Improving Human Resource Management
GETTING IT RIGHT
Develop and Implement an HR Philosophy
Hire the Right People
Keep Employees
Reward Well
Protect Jobs
Promote from Within
Share the Wealth
Invest in Employees
Empower Employees
Provide Information and Support
Encourage Autonomy and Participation
Redesign Work
Foster Self‐Managing Teams
Promote Egalitarianism
Promote Diversity
GETTING THERE: TRAINING AND ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
Group Interventions
Survey Feedback
Evolution of OD
CONCLUSION
Note
Chapter 8 Interpersonal and Group Dynamics. Anne Barreta
Greatest Hits from Organization Studies. Hit Number 7: M. S. Granovetter, “Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Social Embeddedness.” American Journal of Sociology, 91(3) (1985), 481–510
INTERPERSONAL DYNAMICS
Argyris and Schön's Theories for Action
Model I
Model II
The Perils of Self‐Protection
Salovey and Mayer's Emotional Intelligence
Management Best Sellers. Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (New York: Bantam, 1995)
MANAGEMENT STYLES
GROUPS AND TEAMS IN ORGANIZATIONS
Informal Roles
Informal Group Norms
Informal Networks in Groups
Interpersonal Conflict in Groups
Leadership and Decision Making in Groups
CONCLUSION
PART FOUR The Political Frame
Chapter 9 Power, Conflict, and Coalition
POLITICAL ASSUMPTIONS
Political Propositions, 737 MAX and Challenger
Implications of the Political Propositions
ORGANIZATIONS AS COALITIONS
Greatest Hits from Organization Studies
POWER AND DECISION MAKING
Authorities and Partisans
Sources of Power
Distribution of Power: Overbounded and Underbounded Systems
CONFLICT IN ORGANIZATIONS
MORAL MAZES: THE POLITICS OF GETTING AHEAD
CONCLUSION
Note
Chapter 10 The Manager as Politician
POLITICAL SKILLS
Agenda Setting
Mapping the Political Terrain
Networking and Building Coalitions
Bargaining and Negotiation
MORALITY AND POLITICS
CONCLUSION
Chapter 11 Organizations as Political Arenas and Political Agents
ORGANIZATIONS AS ARENAS
Barbarians at the Gate
Political Dimensions of Organizational Processes
Sources of Political Initiative
Bottom‐Up Political Action
Barriers to Control from the Top
ORGANIZATIONS AS POLITICAL AGENTS
POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF ECOSYSTEMS
Public Policy Ecosystems
Business‐Government Ecosystems
Society as Ecosystem
Greatest Hits from Organization Studies. Hit Number 2: Jeffrey Pfeffer and Gerald Salancik, The External Control of Organizations (New York: HarperCollins, 1978)
CONCLUSION
PART FIVE The Symbolic Frame
Chapter 12 Organizational Symbols and Culture
SYMBOLIC ASSUMPTIONS
ORGANIZATIONAL SYMBOLS
Myths, Vision, and Values
Heroes and Heroines
Stories and Fairy Tales
Ritual
Ceremony
Metaphor, Humor, and Play
ORGANIZATIONS AS CULTURES
BMW's Dream Factory
Greatest Hits from Organization Studies. Hit Number 6: Geert Hofstede, Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work‐Related Values (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1984)
Nordstrom's Rooted Culture
CONCLUSION
Chapter 13 Culture in Action
THE EAGLE GROUP'S SOURCES OF SUCCESS
Becoming a Member
Diversity Is a Competitive Advantage
Example, Not Command
Specialized Language
Stories Carry History, Values, and Group Identity
Humor and Play
Ritual and Ceremony
The Contribution of Informal Cultural Players
Soul Is the Secret of Success
CONCLUSION
Note
Chapter 14 Organization as Theater
DRAMATURGICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL THEORY
Greatest Hits from Organization Studies. Hit Number 1: Paul J. DiMaggio and Walter Powell, “The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields,” American Sociological Review, 48 (1983), 147–160
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AS THEATER
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS AS THEATER
Meetings
Planning
Evaluation
Collective Bargaining
Power
Managing Impressions
CONCLUSION
Note
PART SIX Improving Leadership Practice
Chapter 15 Integrating Frames for Effective Practice
LIFE AS MANAGERS KNOW IT
ACROSS FRAMES: ORGANIZATIONS AS MULTIPLE REALITIES
Doctor Fights Order to Quit Maine Island
MATCHING FRAMES TO SITUATIONS
EFFECTIVE MANAGERS AND ORGANIZATIONS
Organizational Excellence
The Effective Senior Manager
MANAGERS' FRAME PREFERENCES
CONCLUSION
Chapter 16 Reframing in Action: Opportunities and Perils
Reach and Grasp
Structural Frame. A Structural Scenario
Human Resource Frame. A Human Resource Scenario
Political Frame. A Political Scenario
Symbolic Frame. A Symbolic Scenario
BENEFITS AND RISKS OF REFRAMING
REFRAMING FOR NEWCOMERS AND THE MARGINALIZED
CONCLUSION
Chapter 17 Leadership in Theory and Practice
STRUCTURE: SWINGING THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE
HUMAN RESOURCE FRAME: MOTIVATION AND PERSONALITY
POLITICAL FRAME
CULTURE AND NARRATIVE
LEADERSHIP LESSONS FROM THE 2016 ELECTION
LEADERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS: A BRIEF HISTORY
Quantitative‐Analytic Research
Qualitative‐Holistic Leadership Studies
EVOLUTION OF THE IDEA OF LEADERSHIP
Leadership Is an Activity, Not a Position
Leadership Is Different from Management
Leadership Is Multilateral, Not Unilateral
Leadership Is Distributed Rather Than Concentrated at the Top
Leadership Is Contextual and Situated Not in the Leader but in the Exchange Between Leader and Constituents
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT GOOD LEADERSHIP?
CULTURE AND LEADERSHIP
GENDER AND LEADERSHIP
Do Men and Women Lead Differently?
Why the Glass Ceiling? And the Glass Cliff?
CONCLUSION
Notes
Chapter 18 Reframing Leadership
ARCHITECT OR TYRANT? STRUCTURAL LEADERSHIP
CATALYST OR WIMP? HUMAN RESOURCE LEADERSHIP
ADVOCATE, WARRIOR, OR HUSTLER? POLITICAL LEADERSHIP
PROPHET OR ZEALOT? SYMBOLIC LEADERSHIP
CONCLUSION
Note
Chapter 19 Reframing Change in Organizations
THE INNOVATION PROCESS
Six Sigma at 3M
Ford Motor Company: An Atypical Case
How Frames Can Improve the Odds
CHANGE, TRAINING, AND PARTICIPATION
Management Best Sellers. Spencer Johnson, Who Moved My Cheese? An A‐Mazing Way to Deal with Change in Your Work and Your Life (New York: Putnam, 1998)
CHANGE AND STRUCTURAL REALIGNMENT
Greatest Hits from Organization Studies. Hit Number 4: Richard R. Nelson and Sidney G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982)
CHANGE AND CONFLICT
CHANGE AND LOSS
Rituals of Loss
Releasing a Negative Past
CHANGE STRATEGY
CONCLUSION
Chapter 20 Reframing Ethics and Spirit
SOUL AND SPIRIT IN ORGANIZATIONS
The Factory: Excellence and Authorship
The Family: Caring and Love
The Jungle: Justice and Power
The Temple: Faith and Significance
CONCLUSION
Notes
Chapter 21 Bringing It All Together: Change and Leadership in Action
ROBERT F. KENNEDY HIGH SCHOOL
David King
History of the School. The First Year
The Second Year
King’s First Week at Kennedy High
21.1 ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION OF ROBERT F. KENNEDY HIGH SCHOOL
The Friday Afternoon Meeting
STRUCTURAL ISSUES AND OPTIONS
HUMAN RESOURCE ISSUES AND OPTIONS
POLITICAL ISSUES AND OPTIONS
SYMBOLIC ISSUES AND OPTIONS
A FOUR‐FRAME APPROACH
CONCLUSION: THE REFRAMING PROCESS
Note
Chapter 22 Epilogue: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership
COMMITMENT TO CORE BELIEFS
MULTI‐FRAME THINKING
APPENDIX: THE BEST OF ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES
SCHOLARS' HITS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
THE AUTHORS
NAME INDEX
Subject Index
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