Читать книгу Mantras and Mudras: Meditations for the hands and voice to bring peace and inner calm - Lillian Too - Страница 12
ОглавлениеThe mandala is a representation of the universe, in its conventional form or as a completely purified realm of existence. There are many different mandalas with distinct concepts and for different purposes. Cosmic mandalas represent our universe and its development; deity mandalas represent our universe as an Enlightened Being’s pure realm. In Tibetan Buddhism, deity mandalas are visualized in meditation. They are also painted or created from colored sand as three-dimensional representations for special pujas (ritual offering ceremonies) or initiations; those made of sand are dismantled and dispersed after completion to signify the impermanence of all phenomena.
The mandala offering is one of the most engaging and uplifting of Tibetan Buddhist rituals. During pujas, or to precede teachings and practices, one makes a mandala offering. This is a powerful symbolic prayer offering of the entire universe to all the Buddhas of the ten directions. A mandala offering can be performed either long or short. Also, one can offer a mandala either using a mandala offering set, comprised of a base, rings, and substances that are piled up like a mountain, or with the mandala hand mudra. The mantra that goes with the ritual can either be long or short, depending on which ritual you wish to perform.
Practice making this mandala offering mudra. Place your hands in this mudra in front of you as you recite the mandala offering mantras (either long or short). The two upright fingers in the center signify Mount Meru (the Buddhist axis of the cosmos), while the four corners signify the four continents.
THE SHORT MANDALA OFFERING
SA ZHI PO KYI JUG SHING MAY TOG TRAM
RI RAB LING ZHI NYI DAY GYAN PA DI
SANG GYAY, ZHING DU MIG TAY UL WAR GYI
DRO KUN NAM DAG ZHING LA CHO PAR SHOG
TRANSLATION:
This ground anointed with perfume, and strewn with flowers. In the center is Mount Meru, around it the four continents, the sun and the moon. I imagine this as a Buddha Pure Land of bliss and I offer it. May all beings enjoy this Pure Land.
DAG GI CHAG DANG MONG SUM KYAY WAY YUL,
DRA NYEN BAR SUM LU DANG LONG CHO CHAY
PANG PA MAY PAR BUL GYI LEG ZHAY NAY
DUG SUM RANG SAR DROL WAR JIN GYI LOB
TRANSLATION:
The objects of attachment, aversion, and ignorance – my friends, my enemies, and strangers. My body, my wealth, and my enjoyments. I offer these with no sense of loss. Please accept them with pleasure and bless me with freedom from the three poisons of anger, attachment, and ignorance.
THE LONG MANDALA OFFERING
To perform this very auspicious and powerful ritual you need the mandala offering set, which comprises a base and three rings. Mandala sets can be purchased in India, Nepal, Tibet, and most Buddhist meditation centers around the world. They are usually made of silver and plated with gold. The belief is that the more valuable your mandala offering base, the more auspicious the effects of the ritual. For the filling, you can use rice, wheat, or other grains, and you can place as many precious things as you wish with the grain. I use a mixture of semi-precious stones – crystal, amethyst, tiger’s eye, jade, citrine, quartz, lapis lazuli, malachite, amber, coral, and so forth. To add greater value to my offering, I also include a few precious stones. You should use beads and colored stones, or anything that symbolizes something of value to you. Always keep your mandala set wrapped up in soft velvet or silk when you are not using it.
The Method
Take some grain in your left hand and hold the mandala base. With your right hand, sprinkle some grain on the base. Wipe the base clockwise three times with your right forearm, tipping the grain away from you. Visualize purifying incorrect motivation. Put more grain on the base. Wipe anti-clockwise three times with your right forearm, tipping the grain toward yourself. Visualize receiving great blessings from the merit field (the buddhas, gurus, or both, whose visualization bestows merit) to offer the mandala from your heart. Spread more grain to symbolize precious jewels.
The Long Mandala Mantra (English translation)
Recite the following:
OM vajra ground AH HUM, the mighty golden ground.
Place the first ring on the base.
OM vajra fence AH HUM, the iron fence around the edge. In the center is Mount Meru.In the east the continent Lupapo (Tall-Body Land). In the south, Dzambuling (Rose-Apple Land).
In the west, Balangcho (Cattle-Gift Land). In the north, Draminyan.In the east, the sub-continents Lu and Lupag, in the south, Ngayab and Ngayabzhan.In the west, Yodan and Lamchog dro, in the north, Draminyan and Draminyan Gyida.Here’s the precious mountain; the wish-granting tree; the wish-fulfilling cow; the unploughed harvest.
Place the second ring on the base. Visualize placing Eight Precious Objects belonging to a wheel-turning king who rules the four continents.
The precious wheel; the precious jewel; the precious queen; the precious minister; the precious elephant; the precious horse; the precious general; the great treasure vase.
Continue on the inner area of the second ring. Say the following:
The goddess of grace; the goddess of garlands; the goddess of songs; the goddess of dance; the goddess of flowers; the goddess of incense; the goddess of light; the goddess of perfume.
Place the third ring. Say the following:
The sun, the moon, the precious parasol, the banner of victory in all directions. In the center are the most perfect riches of gods and humans, with nothing missing, pure and delightful.
Place the Dharmachakra (the top object, usually a jewel-encrusted wheel) on top of the built-up mandala.
Making the Offering
To my holy and most kind guru, to all the lineage gurus, to the Buddha and the entire assembly of Buddhas of the ten directions I offer this mandala as a Buddha-field. Please accept this mandala offering with compassion, for the sake of all beings. Having accepted them, please bestow on me and on all beings abiding as far as the limits of space your inspiration with loving compassion. Please bless us with freedom from the three poisons – anger, attachment, and ignorance.
Hold the mandala at the level of your heart and offer it while reciting the mandala Completion mantra:
IDAM GURU RATNA MANDALAKAM NIRYATAYAMI
THE LONG MANDALA MANTRA
OM VAJRA BHUMI AH HUM, WANG CHEN SER GYI SA ZHI
OM VAJRA REKHE AH HUM; CHI CHAG RI-KOR YUG-GYI
KOR-WAY U-SU; RIGYEL PO-RI RAB
SHAR LU PAG-PO; LHO DZAM BU-LING
NUB BA LANG-CHO; JANG DRA MI NYEN
LU DANG LU-PAG; NGA YAB DANG, NGA YAB ZHEN
YO DEN DANG-LAM CHOG-DRO
DRA-MI NYEN-DANG; DRA-MI NYEN GYI-DA
RINPOCHAY RI-WO; PAG SAM GYI SHING
DOJO BA MA MO PA-YI LO-TOG
KOR LO RINPOCHAY, NORBU RINPOCHAY
TZUN MO RINPOCHAY; LON PO RINPOCHAY
LANGPO RINPOCHAY, TA CHOG RINPOCHAY
MAG PON RINPOCHAY, TER CHEN PO-YI BUM-PA
GEG-MA TRENG WA-MA, LU-MA
GAR-MA, ME-TOG-MA, DUG PO-MA
NANG SEL-MA, DRI CHAB-MA
NYI-MA DA-WA RINPOCHE DUG
CHOG-LAY NAM-PAR, GYEL WAY GYEL-TSEN
U-SU LHA DANG MI
PEL JOR PUN-SUM TSOG-PA; MA-TSANG WAMAY-PA
TSANG ZHING YID DU, WONG-WA
DI DAG DRIN-CHEN TSA WA, DANG GYU PAR
CHAY PAY PEL DEN; LAMA DAM-PA NAM DANG
KYAY PER DU YANG
LAMA LOSANG TUB-WANG DORJE CHANG
CHEN-PO LHA-TSOG KOR-DANG CHAY-PAY NAM-LA ZHING
KAM UL WAR GYIO
TUG JAY DRO-WAY DON-DU ZHAY SU SOL
ZHAY NAY KYANG DAG-SOG DRO-WA
MAR-GYUR; NAM KAY TA DANG-NYAM PAY
SEM CHEN-TAM CHAY-LA
TUG TSE WA CHEN PO GO NAY JIN GYI LAB TU SOL
RINPOCHE’S ADVICE ON THE IMMENSE SPIRITUAL BENEFITS OF MAKING THE MANDALA OFFERING
“[The] mandala offering is an extremely powerful method for accumulating extensive merits and receiving realizations such as bodhichitta and emptiness quickly. Just as great strength is needed to carry a heavy load, a great amount of merit is needed to lead all sentient beings to Enlightenment. There is nothing that can be offered with your hands that is more meritorious than offering mandalas.
“The mandala offering contains the practice of all six perfections. The six Buddhist perfections are: generosity, morality, patience, joyous effort, meditative concentration, and wisdom.
“By cleaning and blessing the mandala base with a special liquid, you practice the perfection of generosity. Checking the grain for insects results in the perfection of moral conduct, and removing insects from the grain without harming them leads to the perfection of patience. By thinking of how fortunate you are to be able to practice Dharma and making the offering with joy, you cultivate joyous effort. By not forgetting the visualization, you attain concentration. By clearly visualizing the colors and objects in the mandala, wisdom is attained. Therefore, offering mandalas helps you to quickly complete the two accumulations of the merits of method and wisdom, as it contains all the six perfections.
“This practice pacifies all hindrances to your temporal and ultimate happiness. These depend on merit, and merit depends on offerings. The most meritorious object to offer is the mandala. Therefore if you wish to achieve temporal and ultimate happiness, you can make many mandala offerings.
“Lama Tsong Khapa (a fifteenth-century lama who founded the Gelugpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism) offered 1,800,000 mandala offerings and achieved all the realizations of the stages and paths. If you wish to gain realizations you should offer mandala offerings to your guru every day, to his jewel-like body, and so bestow the sphere of great bliss in an instant. All realizations depend on your guru.
“Offering mandalas to your guru is like offering gifts to a king before requesting a favor of him. Achieving Enlightenment in one lifetime depends on your relationship with your guru.”
