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We have been told by the ‘father of capitalism’ that natural resources are limited, while human needs are infinity, and sustainability and sustainability depends on how fast we can contain population growth. By now we know capitalism is more wrong-headed than dogma; socialism is more hypocritical than trickle down capitalistic economy; and the new progressive agenda is more sinister than socialism (Islam et al., 2018a). In fact, the entire the economic development model has undergone degradation that was dubbed as HSSA (honey→sugar→Saccharine→Aspartame) by Zatzman and Islam (2007). Chapter 4 discards the old theories of hysteria and spurious premises and offers scientific answer to the question: what is the real oil and gas asset that we have? In answering this question, Chapter 4 brings out a comprehensive explanation to the actual global energy status, offering clear picture, free from paradoxes of the past (Figure 1.1).

Figure 1.1 Chapter 4 solves the puzzle of what really is the fossil fuel asset asset and how long one can produce energy sustainably. Notes: All bubbles are expressed as a number of years based on estimated production in 2013. The size of the bubble for total remaining recoverable resources of coal is illustrative and is not proportional to the others.

Sources: BGR (2012), OGJ (2012), USGS (2000, 2012a and 2012b), IEA estimates and analysis.