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1 See A.M. Slaughter, “A Real New World Order,” Foreign Affairs, 76 (1997). 2 F. Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man, Free Press, 1992. 3 The Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project is directed by Staffan Lindberg from Gothenburg University in Sweden. Through its V-Dem index, it examines the state of democracy in the world, using seven different democratic forms. The data I refer to here are from the 2018 report. See a summary of the findings in S.I. Lindberg, “The Nature of Democratic Backsliding in Europe,” Carnegie Europe, July 24, 2018. 4 See W.G. Sumner, Folkways: A Study of Mores, Manners, Customs and Morals, Dover Publications, 2002, p. 13. 5 The Economist, “The New Political Divide: Farewell, Left Versus Right. The Contest that Matters Now Is Open Against Closed,” July 30, 2016. 6 See the revealing coverage by Selam Gebrekidan, Matt Apuzzo, and Benjamin Novak in “The Money Farmers: How Oligarchs and Populists Milk the E.U. for Millions,” The New York Times, November 3, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/03/world/europe/eu-farm-subsidy-hungary.html. 7 See E. Rosenbach, “The Catalan Independence Referendum is a Smokescreen for Other Issues,” Independent, October 1, 2017. 8 Harriet Agerholm, “Denmark Uses Controversial ‘Jewellery Law’ to Seize Assets from Refugees for First Time,” Independent, July 1, 2016, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/denmark-jewellery-law-migrants-refugees-asylum-seekers-unhcr-united-nations-a7113056.html.