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The reliability of the item as designed and manufactured, which excludes effects of operation, environment, and support conditions other than those assumed and stated in the item requirements and specification.

The inherent reliability is therefore the reliability of a brand new item that will be used and maintained exactly according to the conditions described in the item specification document or implicitly assumed. The inherent reliability is sometimes called built reliability or built‐in reliability of the item.

The design and development team always attempts to adapt the item to the actual operating context, but it is difficult, if not impossible, to account for all the aspects in practical use. The actual reliability may consequently be different from the inherent reliability that was determined before the item was put into use. The actual reliability of an item is defined as follows: