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Marvin Rausand
System Reliability Theory
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics
System Reliability Theory Models, Statistical Methods, and Applications
Страница 9
Страница 10
Страница 11
Страница 12
1 Introduction 1.1 What is Reliability?
Definition 1.1 (Reliability)
1.1.1 Service Reliability
Definition 1.2 (Service reliability)
1.1.2 Past and Future Reliability
1.2 The Importance of Reliability
1.2.1 Related Applications
1.3 Basic Reliability Concepts
1.3.1 Reliability
Inherent and Actual Reliability
Definition 1.3 (Inherent reliability)
Definition 1.4 (Actual reliability)
Software Reliability
1.3.2 Maintainability and Maintenance
Definition 1.5 (Maintainability)
Definition 1.6 (Maintenance)
1.3.3 Availability
1.3.4 Quality
Definition 1.7 (Quality)
1.3.5 Dependability
Definition 1.8 (Dependability)
Remark 1.1 (Translating the word “dependability”)
1.3.6 Safety and Security
Definition 1.9 (Safety)
Definition 1.10 (Security)
Remark 1.2 (Natural threats)
1.3.7 RAM and RAMS
Remark 1.3 (Broad interpretation of reliability)
1.4 Reliability Metrics
1.4.1 Reliability Metrics for a Technical Item
Example 1.1 (Average availability and downtime)
1.4.2 Reliability Metrics for a Service
Example 1.2 (Airline reliability and availability)
1.5 Approaches to Reliability Analysis
1.5.1 The Physical Approach to Reliability
1.5.2 Systems Approach to Reliability
System Models
1.6 Reliability Engineering
1.6.1 Roles of the Reliability Engineer
Roles in Design and Development
Roles in Normal Operation
1.6.2 Timing of Reliability Studies
1.7 Objectives, Scope, and Delimitations of the Book
1.8 Trends and Challenges
1.9 Standards and Guidelines
1.10 History of System Reliability
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
After 1990
1.11 Problems
References
Notes
2 The Study Object and its Functions 2.1 Introduction
2.2 System and System Elements
Definition 2.1 (System)
2.2.1 Item
Definition 2.2 (Item)
2.2.2 Embedded Item
2.3 Boundary Conditions
Definition 2.3 (System boundary)
2.3.1 Closed and Open Systems
Definition 2.4 (Closed system)
Definition 2.5 (Open system)
2.4 Operating Context
Definition 2.6 (Operating context)
2.5 Functions and Performance Requirements
2.5.1 Functions
Example 2.1 (Flashlight)
Definition 2.7 (Function)
2.5.2 Performance Requirements
Definition 2.8 (Requirement)
2.5.3 Classification of Functions
2.5.4 Functional Modeling and Analysis
2.5.5 Function Trees
2.5.6 SADT and IDEF 0
2.6 System Analysis
2.6.1 Synthesis
2.7 Simple, Complicated, and Complex Systems
Remark 2.1 (Classical methods waste of time?)
2.8 System Structure Modeling
2.8.1 Reliability Block Diagram
System Structure
Boolean Representation
2.8.2 Series Structure
2.8.3 Parallel Structure
2.8.4 Redundancy
Definition 2.9 (Redundancy)
2.8.5 Voted Structure
2.8.6 Standby Structure
2.8.7 More Complicated Structures
Remark 2.2 (Series–parallel structures)
2.8.8 Two Different System Functions
Example 2.2 (Pipeline with safety valves)
Remark 2.3 (Terminology problem)
2.8.9 Practical Construction of RBDs
2.9 Problems
References
Notes
Chapter 3 Failures and Faults 3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 States and Transitions
Example 3.1 (Safety valve)
Remark 3.1 (States and transition)
3.1.2 Operational Modes
3.2 Failures
Definition 3.1 (Failure of an item)
Example 3.2 (Car tires)
3.2.1 Failures in a State
Example 3.3 (Water pump)
Example 3.4 (Light bulb–continuously “on”)
Example 3.5 (Light bulb–“on” only on demand)
3.2.2 Failures During Transition
Example 3.6 (Lawn mower)
Example 3.7 (Safety valve)
3.3 Faults
Definition 3.2 (Fault of an item)
3.4 Failure Modes
Definition 3.3 (Failure mode)
Example 3.8 (Failure modes of a sink faucet)
Example 3.9 (Electric doorbell)
3.5 Failure Causes and Effects
3.5.1 Failure Causes
Definition 3.4 (Failure cause)
3.5.2 Proximate Causes and Root Causes
Definition 3.5 (Proximate cause)
Example 3.10 (Flashlight)
Definition 3.6 (Root cause)
3.5.3 Hierarchy of Causes
3.6 Classification of Failures and Failure Modes
3.6.1 Classification According to Local Consequence
3.6.2 Classification According to Cause
Primary Failures
Secondary Failures
Systematic Failures
Example 3.11 (Airbag system in a car)
Example 3.12 (Failure causes of a gas detection system)
Security Failures
Additional Types of Failures
Remark 3.2 (Functionally unavailable)
Failures Named According to the Cause of Failure
3.6.3 Failure Mechanisms
3.6.4 Software Faults
Definition 3.7 (Software fault/bug)
3.6.5 Failure Effects
Example 3.13 (Failure effects of brake pad failure)
3.7 Failure/Fault Analysis
3.7.1 Cause and Effect Analysis
Example 3.14 (Car will not start)
3.7.2 Root Cause Analysis
Definition 3.8 (Root cause analysis)
Example 3.15 (Car will not start)
3.8 Problems
References
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