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Reconsider the car that will not start in Example 3.14. The following sequence of five questions and answers may illustrate the analysis process.

1 Why will not the car start?Cause: The engine will not turn over.

2 Why will the engine not turn over?Cause: The battery is dead.

3 Why is the battery dead?Cause: The alternator is not functioning.

4 Why is the alternator not functioning?Cause: The belt is broken.

5 Why is the alternator belt broken?Cause: The belt was not replaced according to the manufacturer's maintenance schedule.

This example is strongly influenced by the presentation “Corrective action and root cause analysis” by David S. Korcal (found on the Internet).

Careful studies of failures that occur should add to our “lessons learned,” and we therefore end this chapter optimistically by quoting Henry Ford (1863–1947):

Failure is the opportunity to begin again more intelligently.