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A failure or fault analysis is a systematic investigation of a failure or a fault that has occurred, in order to identify the root causes of the failure/fault and to propose corrective actions needed to prevent future failures/faults of the same, or similar, types.

This section gives an introduction to two commonly used failure/fault analysis techniques (i) cause and effect analysis and (ii) root cause analysis. Both techniques are primarily used to analyze real failures/faults that have occurred, but may also be used to analyze potential failures or faults.