Читать книгу System Reliability Theory - Marvin Rausand - Страница 64

The 1980s started with a new journal Reliability Engineering, which had a great influence on the further development of reliability theory. The first editor of the journal was Frank R. Farmer (1914–2001), who made significant contributions in both risk and reliability theory. The title of the journal was later changed to Reliability Engineering and System Safety.

The Offshore Reliability Data (OREDA) project was initiated in 1981 and the first OREDA handbook was published in 1984. The same year another important reliability data handbook, IEEE Std. 500 (1984) also entered the market.

Reliability data analysis became more important, and several books on this topic were published in the early 1980s, the most influential may be Kalbfleisch and Prentice (1980), Lawless (1982), Nelson (1982), and Cox and Oakes (1984).

Fault tree analysis got more standardized through the Fault Tree Handbook that was published by the US NRC in 1981 (NUREG‐0492). Bayesian probability entered into the field of reliability promoted by the book Martz and Waller (1982).

To strengthen the US semiconductor industry, the organization SEMATECH was established in 1987. SEMATECH prepared and made available a range of high‐quality reliability guidelines that were studied far beyond the semiconductor industry.

Several universities established education programs in safety and reliability during the 1980s. Most notable were perhaps the programs provided by the Center of Risk and Reliability at the University of Maryland and the NTNU.

Several catastrophic accidents occurred in the 1980s and clearly showed the importance of risk and reliability. Among these were the capsizing of the Alexander Kielland offshore platform in 1980, the gas disaster in Bhopal, India in 1984, the fire and chemical spill at the Sandoz warehouse in Basel, Switzerland in 1986, the Challenger space shuttle accident in 1986, and the explosion on the offshore platform Piper Alpha in 1988. Several of these accidents prompted changes in legislation, new requirements to risk and reliability analyses, and initiated a range of research projects.