Читать книгу System Reliability Theory - Marvin Rausand - Страница 63

A most important event for reliability in the 1970s was the release of the report from the Reactor Safety Study in 1975 (NUREG‐75/014). The study was made by a group of experts lead by professor Norman Rasmussen of MIT. A high number of important methods were developed as part of – or inspired by – the Reactor Safety Study.

The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was established the same year (in 1975) and soon started to issue NRC Regulations, called NUREG.

The nuclear accident at Three Mile Island (TMI) near Harrisburg, PA occurred in 1979. In light of the recent Reactor Safety Study, it had a great impact of the development of system reliability theory.

In the early 1970s, several important results on network reliability were developed in Russia (e.g. see Lomonosov and Polesskii 1971). Many new books on system reliability were published. Among these are Green and Bourne (1972), Barlow and Proschan (1975), and Kapur and Lamberson (1977).

Analysis of reliability and lifetime data grew more important and the new book Mann et al. (1974) provided help on theory and methods. An even more important publication in this area was David R. Cox's paper “Regression models and life tables (with discussions)” (Cox 1972).

Based on the ideas of the MSG‐approach (see 1960s), a new maintenance planning approach called “reliability‐centered maintenance” (RCM) was introduced in 1978 (Nowlan and Heap 1978). The RCM approach was initially developed for the defense industry, but is today used in many other applications and a high number of standards and guidelines have been issued.

In Norway, the first major accident in the offshore oil and gas industry occurred in 1977, the Bravo blowout in the Ekofisk field in the North Sea. This was a shock for the Norwegian industry and the government. As a consequence of this accident, a large research program, called “Safety Offshore” was launched by the Norwegian Research Council. A high number of safety and reliability projects were sponsored by the oil and gas industry. The first author of this book started lecturing a course in system reliability at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in 1978.

The UKAEA Safety and Reliability Directorate (SRD), established in 1977, became a very active unit with a strong influence on the development of reliability theory, especially in Europe.