Читать книгу Quantum Mechanical Foundations of Molecular Spectroscopy - Max Diem - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Description of the propagation of a linearly polarized electromag...Figure 1.2 (a) Plot of the intensity I radiated by a blackbody source as a f...Figure 1.3 Portion of the hydrogen atom emission in the visible spectral ran...Figure 1.4 Energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom. Transitions between th...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Potential energy functions and analytical expressions for (a) mol...Figure 2.2 Panel (a): Wavefunctions for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 drawn at the...Figure 2.3 (a) Representation of the particle‐in‐a‐box wavefunctions shown i...Figure 2.4 Wavefunctions of the two‐dimensional particle in a box for (a) n _x Figure 2.5 (a) Particle in a box with infinite potential energy barrier. (b)...Figure 2.6 (a) Structure of 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene to be used as an e...Figure 2.7 Absorption spectra of nanoparticles as a function of particle siz...Figure 2.8 (a) An individual energy well with finite barrier height and a sl...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Two state energy level diagrams used for the discussion of time‐d...Figure 3.2 Plot of the PiB ground‐state (trace a) and first excited‐state (t...Figure 3.3 Panel (a): Schematic energy level diagram of a 3‐level system in ...Figure 3.4 Schematic of a gas laser, consisting of the resonator structure, ...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Definition of a diatomic harmonic oscillator of masses m ₁ and m ₂ ...Figure 4.2 Quadratic potential energy function V = ½ kx ² for a diatomic mole...Figure 4.3 Schematic of allowed (solid arrows) and forbidden (dashed arrows)...Figure 4.4 Graphical representation of the orthogonality of vibrational wave...Figure 4.5 Potential energy function of a real diatomic molecule with dissoc...Figure 4.6 Comparison of energy levels for harmonic and anharmonic oscillato...Figure 4.7 (a) Raman spectrum of Br_2. (b) Expanded region of the fundamental...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Depiction of the atomic displacement vectors q _i for the three nor...Figure 5.2 Energy ladder diagram for the water molecule within the harmonic ...Figure 5.3 (a) Observed infrared absorption spectrum of water. (b) Schematic...Figure 5.4 Depiction of the atomic displacement vectors q _i for the four norm...Figure 5.5 Gaussian (a) and Lorentzian (b) line profiles. Notice that the ar...Figure 5.6 Dispersion of the refractive index (top) within an absorption pea...Figure 5.7 (a) Energy level diagram for a Stokes and anti‐Stokes Raman scatt...Figure 5.8 (a) Raman spectrum of chloroform as a neat liquid. (b) Expanded v...Figure 5.9 Atomic displacement vectors for (a) the symmetric –CCl₃ stretchin...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Definition of spherical polar coordinates.Figure 6.2 Graphical representation for the condition T(φ) = T(φ + b 2πFigure 6.3 (a) Energy level diagram for linear rotors. (b) Schematic rotatio...Figure 6.4 Simulated rotational spectrum of ³⁵Cl–F at room temperature, usin...Figure 6.5 Schematic of the center‐of‐mass (COM) position in an oblate (a) a...Figure 6.6 Energy level diagram for (a) oblate and (b) prolate top rotors. S...Figure 6.7 (a) Observed rot–vibrational band envelopes in the infrared absor...Figure 6.8 (a) Rot–vibrational energy level diagram for a harmonic oscillato...Figure 6.9 Simulated rot–vibrational spectral band profiles for the deformat...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 (a) Plot of radial part of hydrogen wavefunctions in units of r/aFigure 7.2 Plot of first few spherical harmonic functions. Notice that the Figure 7.3 Orbital energy eigenvalues and degeneracies for the hydrogen atom...Figure 7.4 Radial part of the wavefunctions (dashed lines) and radial distri...Figure 7.5 Energy level diagram and allowed electronic transitions for the h...Figure 7.6 (a) Energy level diagram of the hydrogen atom orbitals in the pre...Figure 7.7 Spatial, or orientational quantization of the orbital angular mom...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) Definition of the angular momentum in terms of radius r and l...Figure 8.2 Energy of the α and β proton nuclear spin states as a f...Figure 8.3 (a) Energy level diagram for two noninteracting spins with shield...Figure 8.4 Spectral pattern observed for two interacting spins at lower (a) ...Figure 8.5 Spin–spin coupling patterns for (a) J _AXX and (b) J _AXXX spin syste...Figure 8.6 Reorientation of magnetization vector following a 90° pulse, view...Figure 8.7 (a) Simulated “free induction decay” (FID) and Fourier transforme...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Energy level diagram of multi‐electron atoms, explaining the Aufb...Figure 9.2 Ionization energies (a) and atomic radii (b) for main group eleme...Figure 9.3 Vector addition schemes for (a) the total orbital angular momenta...Figure 9.4 Simplified energy level diagram of the Li atom and transitions in...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 (a) Overlap of the two 1s orbitals on nuclei a and b. The volume...Figure 10.2 Wavefunctions for the (a) bonding and (b) antibonding molecular ...Figure 10.3 (a) Energy level diagram of the MOs formed from the overlap of 2...Figure 10.4 Electron and spin populations in the two MOs of the lowest‐ene...Figure 10.5 Observed (a) and simulated (b) vibronic transition of molecular...Figure 10.E1 See Example 10.1 for details.Figure 10.6 Vibronic transition between the ground vibrational state of the ...Figure 10.7 (a) Approximate MO energy level diagram and UV transitions for a...Figure 10.8 (a) Approximate molecular orbital energy level diagram of the hi...Figure 10.9 (a) Energy level (Jablonski) diagram for fluorescence. (b) Energ...Figure 10.10 Schematic diagrams representing fluorescence (a), two‐photon fl...Figure 10.11 (a) Left (top) and right (bottom) circularly polarized light. (...Figure 10.12 Relationship between ORD and CD. Notice that the differential r...Figure 10.13 (a) CD (top) and UV absorption (bottom) spectra of an asymmetri...Figure 10.14 CD (top) and UV absorption (bottom) spectra of (a) α‐helical, (...Figure P.1 Figure P.2 Figure P.3 Figure P.4 Figure P.5

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Example of a symmetry operation (C ₂).Figure 11.2 (a) Example of one of three σ _ν mirror planes in the mo...Figure 11.3 Definition of a center of inversion, located at the coordinate o...Figure 11.4 Description of an improper rotation operation (S6) for ethane.Figure 11.5 Effects of symmetry operations E and σ _yz on a Cartesian coo...Figure 11.6 (a) Cartesian displacement vectors for the water molecule. (b) C...

12 Appendix 2Figure A2.1 Comparison between the unperturbed (a) and perturbed (b) particl...

13 Appendix 3Figure A3.1 Schematic energy level diagram for degenerate (a and nondegenera...Figure A3.2 (a) Phase matching diagram for frequency doubling (SHG). (b) Pha...Figure A3.3 (a) Schematic energy level diagram for the CARS process. (b) Pha...Figure A3.4 Broadband micro‐CARS spectra of cellular components: (a) nucleol...Figure A3.5 Schematic diagram of FSRS. See text for details (from ref. 7).

14 Appendix 4Figure A4.1 Representation of data in different domains. (a) Graph of the in...Figure A4.2 (a) Intensity vs. time and (b) intensity vs. frequency plot of a...Figure A4.3 Approximation of a square wave function (heavy black line) by a ...Figure A4.4 Examples of Fourier transforms (FTs). (a) The FT of a delta func...Figure A4.5 Panel (a): Real part of a reverse transform of a spectrum back t...