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Nobel Prize in Physics

Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)

Born November 12, 1842, in Langford Grove, England, and died June 30, 1919, in Witham. For his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry

William Ramsay

Born October 2, 1852, in Glasgow, Scotland, and died July 23, 1916, in High Wycombe, England.In recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system.

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Born September 14, 1849, in Ryazan, Russia, and died February 27, 1936, in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg). In recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged.

Nobel Prize in Literature

Joséde Echegaray

Born April 19, 1832, in Madrid, Spain, and diedSeptember 4, 1916, in Madrid. In recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama.

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Frédéric Mistral

Born September 8, 1830, in Maillane, France, and died March 25, 1914, in Maillane.In recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist.

Nobel Peace Prize

Institute of International Law

Founded in 1873 in Ghent, Belgium.Efforts so that the law between nations is the result of the action of a scholarly institution, which aspires to be the legal conscience of the world.