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Nobel Prize in Physics

Albert Abraham Michelson

Born December 19, 1852, in Strelno, Prussia (now Poland), and died May 9, 1931, in Pasadena, California. For his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Eduard Buchner

Born May 20, 1860, in Munich, Germany, and died August 12, 1917, in Munich. For his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation.

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran

Born June 18, 1845, in Paris, France, and died May 18, 1922, in Paris.In recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases.

Nobel Prize in Literature

Rudyard Kipling

Born December 30, 1865, in Bombay, India, and died January 18, 1936, in London, England. In consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration, which characterize the creations of this world-famous author.

Nobel Peace Prize

Ernesto Teodoro Moneta

Born September 20, 1833, in Milan, Italy, and died February 10, 1918, Milan. Distinguished for the foundation of the Unione Lombarda [Lombard Union of Peace] in 1887, the conferences for peace in Italy and presidency of the 1906 International Peace Congress in Milan.