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Utility patents protect the intellectual property rights of inventors. They provide a period of 20 years from the time of the invention (from the date of initial application) during which the inventor is granted exclusive rights to use the invention (whether directly or via licensing agreements). At the end of the patent exclusivity period, the invention is in the public domain available for anyone to use.

Patents have three main requirements:

 The invention must be new. Inventions are patentable only if they are original ideas.

 The invention must be useful. It must actually work and accomplish some sort of task.

 The invention must not be obvious. You could not, for example, obtain a patent for your idea to use a drinking cup to collect rainwater. This is an obvious solution. You might, however, be able to patent a specially designed cup that optimizes the amount of rainwater collected while minimizing evaporation.