Читать книгу The Mushroom, Edible and Otherwise - Miron Elisha Hard - Страница 15
Family 1—Agaricaceae.
ОглавлениеHymenium inferior, pileus more or less expanded, convex, bell-shaped. Gills radiating from the point of attachment of the pileus with the stem, or from a lateral stem to other parts of the cap, simple or branched.
I. Spores white or slightly tinted. | ||||||
A. Plants fleshy, more or less firm, decaying soon. | ||||||
a. Stem fleshy, pileus easily separating from the stem. | ||||||
Volva present and ring on the stem. | ||||||
Pileus bearing warts or patches free from the cuticle | Amanita. | |||||
Volva present, ring wanting | Amanitopsis. | |||||
Pileus scaly, scales concrete with cuticle, | ||||||
Volva wanting, ring present | Lepiota. | |||||
Hymenophore confluent, | ||||||
Without cartilaginous bark, | ||||||
b. Stem central, ring present (sometimes vague), | ||||||
Volva wanting, gills attached | Armillaria. | |||||
Without a ring, | ||||||
Gills sinuate | Tricholoma. | |||||
Gills decurrent, | ||||||
Edges acute | Clitocybe. | |||||
Edges swollen | Cantharellus. | |||||
Gills adnate, | ||||||
Parasitic on other mushrooms | Nyctalis. | |||||
Not parasitic, | ||||||
Milky | Lactarius. | |||||
Not exuding juice when bruised, | ||||||
Rigid and brittle | Russula. | |||||
Quite viscid, waxy consistency | Hygrophorus. | |||||
c. Stem lateral or none, rarely central | Pleurotus. | |||||
d. Stem with cartilaginous bark, | ||||||
Gills adnate | Collybia. | |||||
Gills sinuate | Mycena. | |||||
Gills decurrent | Omphalia. | |||||
Plants tough, fleshy, membranaceous, leathery, | ||||||
Stem central, | ||||||
Gills simple | Marasmius. | |||||
Gills branched | Xerotus. | |||||
B. Plants gelatinous and leathery | Heliomyces. | |||||
Stem lateral or wanting, | ||||||
Edge of gills serrate | Lentinus. | |||||
Edge of gills entire | Panus. | |||||
Gills fold-like, irregular | Trogia. | |||||
Edge of gills split longitudinally | Schizophyllum. | |||||
C. Plants corky or woody, | ||||||
Gills anastomosing. | Lenzites. | |||||
II. Spores rosy or salmon color. | ||||||
A. Stem central. | ||||||
Gills free, stem easily separating from pileus. | ||||||
Without cartilaginous stem, | ||||||
Volva present and distinct, no ring | Volvaria. | |||||
Without a volva, with a ring | Annularia. | |||||
Without a volva and without a ring | Pluteus. | |||||
B. Stem fleshy to fibrous, margin of pileus at first incurved, | ||||||
Gills sinuate or adnate | Entoloma. | |||||
Gills decurrent | Clitopilus. | |||||
C. Stem eccentric or none, pileus lateral | Claudopus. | |||||
Gills decurrent, pileus umbilicate | Eccilia. | |||||
Gills not decurrent, pileus torn into scales, and slightly convex, margin at first involute | Leptonia. | |||||
Pileus bell-shaped, margin at first straight | Nolanea. | |||||
III. Spores rusty-brown or yellow-brown. | ||||||
A. Stem not cartilaginous, | ||||||
a. Stem central, | ||||||
With a ring, | ||||||
Ring continuous | Pholiota. | |||||
Veil arachnoid, | ||||||
Gills adnate, powdery from spores | Cortinarius. | |||||
Gills decurrent or adnate, mostly epiphytal | Flammula. | |||||
Gills somewhat sinuate, cuticle of the pileus silky, or bearing fibrils | Inocybe. | |||||
Cuticle smooth, viscid | Hebeloma. | |||||
Gills separating from the hymenophore and decurrent | Paxillus. | |||||
b. Stem lateral or absent | Crepidotus. | |||||
B. Stem cartilaginous, | ||||||
Gills decurrent | Tubaria. | |||||
Gills not decurrent, | ||||||
Margin of the pileus at first incurved | Naucoria. | |||||
Margin of pileus always straight, | ||||||
Hymenophore free | Pluteolus. | |||||
Hymenophore confluent | Galera. | |||||
Gills dissolving into a gelatinous condition | Bolbitius. | |||||
IV. Spores purple-brown. | ||||||
A. Stem not cartilaginous, | ||||||
Pileus easily separating from the stem, | ||||||
Volva present, ring wanting | Chitonia. | |||||
Volva and ring wanting | Pilosace. | |||||
Volva wanting, ring present | Agaricus. | |||||
Gills confluent, ring present on stem | Stropharia. | |||||
Ring wanting, veil remaining attached to margin of pileus | Hypholoma. | |||||
B. Stem cartilaginous, | ||||||
Gills decurrent | Deconia. | |||||
Gills not decurrent, margin of pileus at first incurved | Psilocybe. | |||||
Margin of pileus at first straight | Psathyra. | |||||
V. Black spored mushrooms. | ||||||
Gills deliquescent | Coprinus. | |||||
Gills not deliquescent, | ||||||
Gills decurrent | Gomphidius. | |||||
Gills not decurrent, pileus striate | Psathyrella. | |||||
Pileus not striate, ring wanting, veil often present on margin | Panæolus. | |||||
Ring wanting, veil appendiculate | Chalymotta. | |||||
Ring present | Anellaria. |