Читать книгу Materials for Biomedical Engineering - Mohamed N. Rahaman - Страница 76

Bonding between atoms and molecules and the way in which the atoms or molecules pack together, whether in an ordered crystalline structure or a disordered amorphous structure, are crucial in understanding the intrinsic properties of materials. In this chapter, we discussed bonding between atoms and molecules, which can be divided into two types: strong primary (interatomic) bonds between atoms and weak secondary (intermolecular) bonds between molecules.

 Ionic and covalent bonds, common in ceramics, and metallic bonding, common in metals and metal alloys, are the three types of primary bonds. Polymers have strong interatomic covalent bonds between atoms in the chain backbone but weak intermolecular bonding between the chains.

 We discussed representations of the interaction between two atoms, in terms of a force or potential energy as a function of interatomic distance, which provide a useful way to understand how many of the intrinsic properties of a material arise

 Van der Waals and hydrogen bonds are the main types of intermolecular bonding

 Proteins, the most versatile macromolecules in living organisms, have a complex three‐dimensional shape (conformation) that is determined by intrachain and interchain covalent and noncovalent bonds. We discussed how the bonding in proteins determines their overall three‐dimensional shape, which, in turn, has a critical effect on their functionality.