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Analyze how and why individuals, events, or ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.

 Identify character traits and feelings

 Identify cause and effect

This standard focuses on text elements. In literature that means story parts, and in informational text it refers to main ideas and details. You may be thinking this sounds a lot like Standard 2, but in fact, the emphasis here is different. The key in Standard 3 is the relationship among text elements, how they interact over the course of a text—like How does the setting make a difference to the way the character solves a problem? In the primary grades, students can begin this analytic process by studying character traits and feelings as well as by examining the relationship among events: What is the cause? What is the effect?

It is also important for students to be able to distinguish between a character trait and a character’s feelings. Explain that a trait is something that stays about the same throughout a story: If a character is kind, we will see that trait over and over in the way she or he responds to various situations. Sometimes a trait does change. For example, a character may be mean at the outset of a story but turn kind after seeing the error of her ways. A character may also exhibit multiple traits, such as determined