Читать книгу The Urban Planning Imagination - Nicholas A. Phelps - Страница 27

For much of its history, urban planning has been conceived and practised as an activity operating on the physical appearance of the city – its land uses and building forms – as a set of bounded places. This is the city as container of people and activities at whatever scale we choose to analyse it – neighbourhood, metropolis or megalopolitan region. It is understandable even from today’s vantage point why those studying and planning cities would think of them as containers – ancient and medieval cities were defined by their walls and gates. Over time a relational, geographical sense of urban planning of and for cities has come to the fore in several metaphors (figure 2.3) that provide the basis for new urban planning knowledge and practice, recognizing any number of social, economic and environmental processes operative on and through the city.

Figure 2.3 Four geographical metaphors

Source: Thrift and Olds (1996)