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Each country in the British Isles has its own national archive where documents concerning central government are deposited. These are:

• The National Archives (TNA) based in Kew in West London, covering England, Wales and the UK

• The National Archives of Scotland (NAS) at Edinburgh

• The National Archives of Ireland, based in Dublin

• The Public Record Office of Northern Ireland (PRONI) in Belfast

There are also major collections relating to Wales at the National Library of Wales (NLW). Descriptions of each institution are provided in Section Five.

The holdings of each of these archives are not strictly determined by geography. If your ancestors lived outside England then you may still need to visit The National Archives at Kew as well as the particular country’s national archive, as the centralization of administrative records to London has affected all of the countries at some point in time. A change in the location of government does not always mean historic archives have moved to that new location. Each country also has a central General Register Office from which family historians order duplicate copies of birth, marriage and death certificates (see Section Two). The advice provided in Section Three relating to specific topics of family history will explain when you will need to visit each of the national archives, and what records you should use when you arrive.