Читать книгу Algorithms in Bioinformatics - Paul A. Gagniuc - Страница 43

Mitochondria arose approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago from a unicellular organism related to modern α-proteobacteria. Bacterial species Rickettsia prowazekii of the genus Rickettsia is probably the closest phylogenetic relative to the mitochondria [113, 114]. Also, ATP production in Rickettsia is the same as that in mitochondria. On the other hand, plastids (i.e. chloroplasts and chloroplast-like organelles) arose 1.6–1.5 billion years ago from the ancestors of cyanobacteria [115]. That is, a mitochondriate eukaryote became host to a cyanobacterium-like prokaryote. Organelles with their own genomes, such as plastids and mitochondria, are found in most eukaryotic cells [116]. A multicellular eukaryote contains hundreds to thousands of these organelles in each cell. The number of organelles is specific to each cell type and may vary depending on the state/metabolic needs of the cell.