Читать книгу Jihād in West Africa during the Age of Revolutions - Paul E. Lovejoy - Страница 12

ORTHOGRAPHY

The way of writing names, places, and things is a complicated matter. I have attempted to follow a set of procedures that are not necessarily always logical but that I hope are consistent. For names and terms, I have preferred Arabic renditions, such as ʿUthmān rather than Uthman or Usman, but in the case of Muḥammad I have generally chosen Muhammad, except when individuals have preferred Mohammed or some other form. I have adopted the Hausa form, ‘Abdullahi, rather than other forms of ʿAbdullāh.

With respect to Hausa names, I have avoided implosive distinctions, thus dan Fodio, not the hooked “d” for ďan (son of). In cases where names were historically written in Arabic, Fulfulde, and Hausa, for example, I have arbitrarily selected one designation, as in ʿUthmān dan Fodio, rather than Usuman or Usmanu ďan Fodio or Uthman ibn Fūdi. I have chosen to use jihād throughout, but in roman type, rather than to anglicize the term as jihad. When I refer to primary texts in Arabic, I have employed diacritics, as I have with sources in French, German, and Hausa, although I apologize for any lapses or mistakes. It should be noted that Hausa names and words sometimes have an apostrophe, which is not to be confused with Arabic diacritics.

As for the names of places, I have preferred the present spellings of names as they occur in modern countries, hence Borno rather than Bornu or Bornou and Ouidah as opposed to Whydah.

In the case of Fulfulde names, I have adopted Fuuta Jalon, Fuuta Toro, and Fuuta Bundu rather than Futa Jallon, Futa Toro, and Futa Bondu and other variations. For ethnic terms, I have avoided adding the English plural form “s” or “es” and have instead used the same term for both singular and plural, hence Hausa, not Hausas. Fulbe, Fulani, Pulo, Fula, and other variations are a problem, but I have tended to use Fulbe except when the context is clearly one in which the Hausa form, Fulani, seems warranted.

With respect to distances, I have used kilometers rather than miles except in quotations.