Читать книгу British Wild Flowers: A photographic guide to every common species - Paul Sterry - Страница 25

Janes, Ernie

Wallflower

Wallflower Erysimum cheiri HEIGHT to 60cm

Showy perennial with a woody-based stem and branched hairs. Associated with cliffs and old walls. FLOWERS 2–3cm across with 4 orange-yellow petals; in terminal clusters (Mar–June). FRUITS Flattened, 7cm long. LEAVES Narrow, untoothed. STATUS Widely naturalised as a garden escape.

Burbidge, Brinsley

Dame’s-violet

Dame’s-violet Hesperis matronalis HEIGHT to 90cm

Hairy biennial or perennial associated with hedgerows and wayside places. FLOWERS Fragrant, 17–20mm across, with 4 violet or pinkish-white petals; in terminal clusters (May–Aug). FRUITS Long, flattened, curving upwards. LEAVES Narrow, pointed, untoothed, stalked. STATUS Widely naturalised as a garden escape.

Hall, Jean

Hoary Stock

Hoary Stock Matthiola incana HEIGHT to 80cm

Downy, greyish annual or perennial with a woody-based stem. Associated with sea cliffs. FLOWERS Fragrant, 25–30mm across, with 4 white to purple petals (Apr–July). FRUITS Cylindrical pods to 13cm long. LEAVES Narrow, untoothed. STATUS Scarce and doubtfully native although possibly so in S England and S Wales.

Sea Stock

Sea Stock Matthiola sinuata HEIGHT to 80cm

Downy, grey-green perennial, the base of which is not woody. Associated with coastal dunes and sea cliffs. FLOWERS Fragrant, 25–30mm across, with 4 pinkish petals (June–Aug). FRUITS Narrow, elongated pods. LEAVES Narrow, with toothed or lobed margins. STATUS Rare; SW England, S Wales, S Ireland and Channel Islands only.

Winter-cress

Winter-cress

Winter-cress Barbarea vulgaris HEIGHT to 80cm

Upright, hairless perennial of damp ground. FLOWERS 7–9mm across with 4 yellow petals; in terminal heads (May–Aug). FRUITS Long, narrow, 4-sided pods. LEAVES Dark green, shiny; lower ones divided, the end lobe large and oval; upper stem leaves entire. STATUS Widespread but commonest in the south.

Medium-flowered Winter-cress

Medium-flowered Winter-cress

Medium-flowered Winter-cress Barbarea intermedia HEIGHT to 80cm

Upright, hairless perennial of waste ground. FLOWERS 5–6mm across with 4 yellow petals; in terminal heads (Mar–Aug). FRUITS Long, narrow, 4-sided pods. LEAVES Dark green, shiny; all lobed. STATUS Introduced, occasional but seemingly increasing.

Marsh Yellow-cress

Marsh Yellow-cress

Marsh Yellow-cress Rorippa palustris HEIGHT to 50cm

Annual of damp, marshy hollows, sometimes growing in shallow water. Stems upright, angular, hollow. FLOWERS 3mm across with 4 yellow petals equal in length to sepals; in terminal heads (June–Oct). FRUITS Elliptical pods, 4–6mm long. LEAVES Pinnately lobed. STATUS Locally common throughout, except in the north.

Creeping Yellow-cress

Creeping Yellow-cress

Creeping Yellow-cress Rorippa sylvestris HEIGHT to 50cm

Sprawling annual of damp, bare ground, with solid, not hollow, stems. FLOWERS 5mm across with 4 yellow petals twice as long as sepals; in terminal heads (June–Oct). FRUITS Elliptical pods, 8–15mm long. LEAVES Pinnately lobed. STATUS Locally common in England and Wales; scarce elsewhere.

Great Yellow-cress

Great Yellow-cress

Great Yellow-cress Rorippa amphibia HEIGHT to 1.2m

Robust, hairless perennial with stout, hollow stems. Favours damp ground and the margins of freshwater habitats. FLOWERS 5–7mm across with 4 yellow petals twice as long as sepals; in terminal heads (June–Sep). FRUITS Elliptical pods, 3–6mm long. LEAVES Shallowly lobed. STATUS Locally common in south but absent from north.

Water-cress

Water-cress Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum HEIGHT to 15cm

Usually creeping perennial of shallow streams and ditches. FLOWERS 4–6mm across with 4 white petals; in terminal heads (May–Oct). FRUITS Narrow pods, 16–18mm long, containing 2 rows of seeds. LEAVES Dark green and pinnately divided; persisting through winter. STATUS Widespread and common; widely cultivated in S England.

Hairy Bitter-cress

Hairy Bitter-cress

Hairy Bitter-cress Cardamine hirsuta HEIGHT to 30cm

Upright annual with hairless stems. Found on damp, disturbed ground. FLOWERS 2–3mm across (petals sometimes absent) and terminal (Feb–Nov). FRUITS Curved, up to 2.5cm long, overtopping flowers. LEAVES Pinnately divided with rounded lobes; seen mainly as a basal rosette plus 1–4 stem leaves. STATUS Widespread and common.

Wavy Bitter-cress

Wavy Bitter-cress

Wavy Bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa HEIGHT to 50cm

Similar to Hairy Bitter-cress but taller and with wavy, hairy stems. Favours damp and disturbed ground. FLOWERS 3–4mm across with 4 white petals (Mar–Sep). FRUITS Curved, barely overtopping flowers. LEAVES Pinnately divided with rounded lobes; seen as a basal rosette plus 4–10 stem leaves. STATUS Widespread and common.

Bush, Robin

Large Bitter-cress

Large Bitter-cress Cardamine amara HEIGHT to 60cm

Upright perennial found in damp, shady places in woods and marshes. FLOWERS 12mm across with 4 white petals and violet anthers (Apr–June). FRUITS Slender, beaked pods, up to 4cm long. LEAVES Pinnately divided, with slightly toothed oval lobes. STATUS Wide spread but local; scarce in, or absent from, W England and S Ireland.

Cuckooflower

Cuckooflower

Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis HEIGHT to 50cm

Variable perennial of damp, grassy places. Also known as Lady’s-smock. FLOWERS 12–20mm across with 4 pale lilac or white flowers (Apr– June). FRUITS Elongated, beaked. LEAVES Seen mainly in a basal rosette of pinnately divided leaves with rounded lobes; narrow stem leaves also present. STATUS Widespread and locally common.

Cleave, Andrew

Coralroot

Coralroot Cardamine bulbifera HEIGHT to 70cm

Perennial of undisturbed woodland on calcareous or sandy soils. FLOWERS 12–18mm across with 4 pink petals; in terminal heads (Apr–May). FRUITS Narrow, 3.5cm long. LEAVES Pinnately divided (upper ones less so) with 1–3 pairs of leaflets; borne up stem with brown bulbils in axils. STATUS Scarce and local; SE England only.

Northern Rock-cress

Northern Rock-cress Arabis petraea HEIGHT to 30cm

Variable perennial of rocky places in mountains. FLOWERS 5–7mm across with 4 whitish or lilac petals (June–Aug). FRUITS Curved, 4cm long. LEAVES Basal rosette of pinnately lobed, stalked leaves plus narrow, toothed stem leaves. STATUS Local. Tower Mustard A. glabra is tall (to 1m); greyish, arrow-shaped, clasping leaves and tiny pale flowers. Scarce on dry ground in south.

Hairy Rock-cress

Hairy Rock-cress Arabis hirsuta HEIGHT to 60cm

Variable, hairy biennial found in calcareous grassland. FLOWERS 3–5mm across with 4 white petals; in dense, terminal heads (May–Aug). FRUITS Cylindrical, upright pods 3.5cm long. LEAVES Barely toothed, oval; basal ones in a rosette, stem leaves clasping. STATUS Widespread but only locally common.

Bush, Robin

Hutchinsia

Hutchinsia Hornungia petraea HEIGHT to 15cm

Delicate, usually branching annual of limestone and sandy soils. FLOWERS 1mm across with 4 whitish petals (Mar–May). FRUITS Flattened, elliptical pods. LEAVES Pinnately divided; basal ones stalked and forming a rosette; stems leaves unstalked. STATUS Local and scarce in the west, mainly Mendips and Gower to N Yorkshire.