Читать книгу Musical Instruments of the Indigenous People of South Africa - Percival Kirby - Страница 14
ОглавлениеLIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Frontispiece. Rock-painting, copied by G. W. Stow, showing a Bushman using seven shooting bows as a musical instrument. From the original coloured drawing in the South African Museum, Capetown.
Map. General Distribution of the Native Races of South Africa in 1934. Originally drawn by Miss Dora Kotzé, B.A.
Figure 1.1.Bushman ankle-rattles made from springbok ears.
Figure 1.2.Bushman ankle-rattles made from cocoons.
Figure 1.3.Chwana ankle-rattles made from cocoons.
Figure 1.4.Chwana ankle-rattles made from cocoons.
Figure 1.5.Pedi ankle-rattles made from cocoons.
Figure 1.6.Venda ankle-rattles made from fruits.
Figure 1.7.Zulu ankle-rattles made from cocoons.
Figure 1.8.Pondo ankle-rattles made from palm-leaf.
Figure 1.9.Sotho (Bas.) ankle-rattles made from goat-skin.
Figure 1.10.Hand rattles.1, 2, 3, 5, Thonga; 4, 7, Venda; 6, 8, Venda children’s rattles.
Figure 1.11.Venda dancing-skirt made from reeds.
Figure 1.12.Thonga playing the spagane.
Figure 1.13.1, 3, Chwana marapo; 2, Zulu amatambo.
Figure 1.14.Chwana girl playing the marapo.
Figure 2.1.Hottentot woman playing upon the /khais.
Figure 2.2.Hottentot woman playing upon the /khais.
Figure 2.3.Xhosa women playing upon the ingqongqo.
Figure 2.4.Amaqoqa, or engraved sticks used for beating the ingqongqo.
Figure 2.5.Swazi warrior with shield.
Figure 2.7.Swazi men playing upon the intambula.
Figure 2.8.Zulu playing upon the ingungu.
Figure 2.9.Zulu friction drum, called ingungu.
Figure 2.10.Venda khamelo, or milking-jug, and murumbu, a drum.
Figure 2.11.Venda girls playing upon the murumbu.
Figure 2.12.Pedi drum, called moropa.
Figure 2.13.Pedi woman playing upon the moropa.
Figure 2.14.Sotho (Bas.) moropa, made from clay.
Figure 2.15.Sotho (Bas.) woman playing upon the clay moropa.
Figure 2.16.Pedi friction drum, called moshupiane.
Figure 2.17.Venda ngoma and murumbu.
Figure 2.18.Venda ngoma and murumbu.
Figure 2.19.Thonga mantshomane, front view.
Figure 2.20.Thonga mantshomane, back view.
Figure 2.21.Thonga men playing upon mantshomane and ndjele.
Figure 2.22.Zulu isigubu and sticks.
Figure 2.23.Zulu playing upon the isigubu.
Figure 3.1.Calabash resonators of Venda mbila.
Figure 3.2.Beaters for Venda mbila.
Figure 3.3.Designs carved upon slabs of mbila.
Figure 3.4.Designs carved upon slabs of mbila.
Figure 3.5.Venda mbila, front view.
Figure 3.6.Venda mbila, back view.
Figure 3.7.Manner of holding mbila beaters in left hand.
Figure 3.8.Venda men performing upon the mbila.
Figure 3.9.Tshopi mbila, original type, front view.
Figure 3.10.Tshopi mbila, original type, back view.
Figure 3.11.Beaters for Tshopi mbila.
Figure 3.12.Tshopi mbila, mine type, front view.
Figure 3.13.Tshopi mbila, mine type, back view.
Figure 3.14.Tshopi timbila band in a Johannesburg mine compound.
Figure 3.15.Tshopi carrying mbila.
Figure 3.16.Lemba deze, outside of calabash.
Figure 3.17.Lemba deze, showing instrument inside calabash.
Figure 3.18.Lemba playing upon the deze.
Figure 3.19.Sotho (Tvl.) sansas.
Figure 3.20.Sotho (Tvl.) playing upon the sansa.
Figure 4.1.Chwana boy with bull-roarer.
Figure 4.2.Bull-roarers. 1, 4, Venda; 2, 3, Bushman; 5, 9, Chwana; 6, Bushman; 7, Korana; 8, Bushman; 10, Bushman (made from feathers).
Figure 4.3.Spinning-disks, 1, 3, Bushman; 2, Zulu; 4, Venda.
Figure 4.4.Korana boy with bull-roarer.
Figure 5.1.Signal horns, made from the horns of the sable antelope. 1, Pedi; 2, Chwana; 3, Venda; 4, Pedi.
Figure 5.2.Pedi playing upon a phalaphala.
Figure 5.3.Signal horns made from the horns of the koodoo and gemsbok, and from wood, 1, Thonga; 2, 3, 4, Venda.
Figure 5.4.Chwana playing upon a kwatha.
Figure 5.5.Venda playing upon a phalaphala made from gemsbok horn.
Figure 5.6.Signal horns. 1, 5, horns of sea-weed; 2, 3, Zulu upondo of ox-horn; 4, tin horn used by Capetown fish vendors.
Figure 5.7.Small signal horns, called tshihoho, of the Venda. 1, made from wood; 2, made from pumpkin stem; 3, 4, 5, made from horn.
Figure 5.8.Venda playing upon a tshihoho made from horn.
Figure 5.9.Playing upon a tshihoho made from pumpkin stem.
Figure 5.10.Zulu playing upon the icilongo.
Figure 5.11.The Phalaphala Dance.
Figure 6.1.Pedi boy playing upon the lengwane.
Figure 6.2.Zulu witch-doctor’s collar, with medicine containers and whistles, including the impempe which is made from reed.
Figure 6.3.Pedi whistles, called naka ya lethlaka, made from reed.
Figure 6.4.Pedi boy playing upon the naka ya lethlaka.
Figure 6.5.Signal whistles made from duiker and springbok horns. 1, 2, Swazi; 3, Venda; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, Bushman; 9, 10, Bushman whistles made from ostrich quills.
Figure 6.6.Whistles, called lengwane, made from bone. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Pedi; 6, 7, 8, Chwana.
Figure 6.7.Four Pedi boys playing upon the lengwane.
Figure 6.8.Doctor’s whistles. 1, Chwana (Bamalete) naka; 2, Pedi tsula ya noko; 3, Sotho (Tvl.) naka; 4, Chwana (Bakgatla) naka; 5, Pedi tsula, or ‘lightning flute’; 6, Zulu imbande; 7, Sotho (Tvl.) naka.
Figure 6.9.Chwana (Bakgatla) doctor sounding his naka.
Figure 6.10.Thonga doctor with his ivory whistle.
Figure 6.11.Pedi sounding the tsula ya noko.
Figure 6.12.Signal whistles made from wood. 1, 2, 3, 4, Pedi; 5, 6, 7, Venda; 8, Soap-stone whistle, Damara.
Figure 6.13.Venda sounding the nanga ya davhi.
Figure 6.14.Venda boys’ signal whistles, called dzhio.
Figure 6.15.Zulu doctor sounding his imbande.
Figure 6.16.Sotho (Bas.) lekhitlane. Two specimens.
Figure 6.17.Signal whistles made from horn or wood. 1, Chwana (Bakgatla) of horn; 2, Pedi of wood; 3, 4, Venda of horn.
Figure 6.18.Swazi sounding the luveve.
Figure 6.19.Open flutes. 1, 2, 3, Zulu umtshingo; 4, 5, 6, Swazi umtshingosi; 7, Sotho (Bas.) lekolilo; 8, Chwana (Bangwaketse) mokoreie.
Figure 6.20.Old Zulu playing upon the umtshingo of reed.
Figure 6.21.Swazi boy playing upon the umshingosi of umsenge.
Figure 6.22.Chwana (Bangwaketse) playing upon the mokoreie.
Figure 6.23.Four sets of Zulu amagemfe.
Figure 6.24.Zulu boys playing upon the amagemfe.
Figure 6.25.Transverse flutes. 1, 2, Swazi; 3, 4, 5, Venda; 6, 7, 8, 12, Pedi; 9, Lemba; 10, Thonga; 11, Balubedu; 13, 14, 15, Zulu.
Figure 6.26.Pedi boy playing upon a transverse flute, called naka ya lethlaka.
Figure 6.27.Thonga ocarinas, called shiwaya.
Figure 6.28.Thonga playing upon the shiwaya.
Figure 6.29.Karanga and Venda flutes. 1, 3, Venda khumbgwe; 2, Karanga ombgwe.
Figure 6.30.Karanga playing upon the ombgwe.
Figure 6.31.Whistles imitated from European models. 1, Xhosa; 2, 3, 4, Zulu; 5, Venda; 6, 7, 8, 9, Zulu.
Figure 6.32.Venda humming-tops and dancing puppet.
Figure 6.33.1, Sotho (Tvl.) vibrating reed, made from mealie-stalk; 2, Thonga toy whistle; 3, model of Venda sitlanjani.
Figure 7.1.Set of Nama Hottentot reed-flutes, with tuning-stick.
Figure 7.2.Korana Hottentot sounding a reed-flute.
Figure 7.3.Set of Chwana (Bamalete) reed-flutes and tuning-sticks.
Figure 7.4.Chwana (Bamalete) reed-flute ensemble.
Figure 7.5.Sets of reed-flutes. 1, Venda; 2, Sotho (Tvl.); 3, Bushman; 4, odd Venda reed-flutes, showing ornamentation.
Figure 7.6.Venda reed-flute ensemble, showing the circle of dancers.
Figure 8.1.Sotho (Bas.) playing upon the lesiba.
Figure 8.2.Ends of Hottentot gora with tuning-peg.
Figure 8.3.Korana Hottentot playing upon the gora.
Figure 8.4.1.Quill ends of 1, 2, Sotho (Bas.) lesiba; 3, Chwana kwadi
Figure 8.4.2.Quill ends of Pedi lesiba.
Figure 8.4.3.Quill ends of, 1, Xhosa ugwali; 2, 3, Zulu ugwala.
Figure 8.4.4.Quill ends of Venda ugwala.
Figure 8.5.Pedi lesiba player seen from behind, showing the tip of the quill between the slightly parted lips.
Figure 9.1.Chwana (Bamalete) playing upon the segankuru.
Figure 9.2.Bushman with bow.
Figure 9.3.Bushman using bow as a musical instrument.
Figure 9.4.Stringed instruments, Group I (a). 1, Chwana segwana; 2, Swazi ligubu; 3, Zulu ugubu; 4, Sotho (Bas.) thomo; 5, 6, Xhosa uhadi.
Figure 9.5.Swazi playing upon the ligubu.
Figure 9.6.Swazi girl playing upon the umakweyana.
Figure 9.7.Stringed instruments, Group I (b). 1, Thonga nkoka; 2, Venda dende; 3, Swazi umakweyana; 4, Zulu umakweyana; 5, 6, Pedi sekgapa.
Figure 9.8.Hottentot woman playing upon a precursor of the kha:s.
Figure 9.9.Stringed instruments, Group II (a): Korana kha:s.
Figure 9.10.Korana woman playing upon the kha:s, with string open.
Figure 9.11.Korana woman playing upon the kha:s, with string stopped by chin.
Figure 9.12.Stringed instruments, Group II (a): Chwana nokokwane with milk-sack resonator.
Figure 9.13.Chwana (Bamalete) playing upon the nokokwane.
Figure 9.14.Stringed instruments, Group II (b). 1, 2, Chwana segankuru; 3, Zulu ubhel’indhlela; 4, Sotho (Bas.) sekatari; 5, Xhosa uhadi; 6, Venda tsijolo; 7, Pedi sekgobogobo.
Figure 9.15.Venda playing upon the tsijolo.
Figure 9.16.Chwana (Bamalete) playing upon the segankuru showing the method of tensioning the friction bow.
Figure 9.17.Chwana boys playing at the game called sebatlo.
Figure 9.18.Stringed instruments, Group III (a). 1, Zulu umqangala; 2, Swazi umqangala; 3, Xhosa inkinge; 4, Sotho (Bas.) lekope; 5, Thonga umqangala; 6, Pedi lekope; 7, Venda lugube; 8, Chwana lengope; 9, Korana !gabus.
Figure 9.19.Korana Hottentot playing upon the !gabus.
Figure 9.20.Venda girl playing upon the lugube.
Figure 9.21.Stringed instruments, Group III (b). 1, Damara outa; 2, Karanga tshipendani; 3, Venda tshigwana; 4, Ndebele isitontolo; 5, Thonga isitontolo; 6, Sotho (Bas.) setolotolo; 7, Pedi lekope; 8, 9, 10, Zulu isitontolo.
Figure 9.22.Pedi playing upon the lekope.
Figure 9.23.Stringed instruments, Group III (c). 1, Bushman nxonxoro; 2, the same obtained from a Zulu in Natal; 3, 4, Venda tshizambi.
Figure 9.24.Stringed instruments, Group III (c). 1, 2, 3, 4, Thonga zambi.
Figure 9.25.Bushman playing upon the nxonxoro.
Figure 9.26.Thonga playing upon the zambi.
Figure 9.27.Stringed instruments, Group III (d). 1, 2, Swazi utiyane; 3, Xhosa umrube.
Figure 9.28.Pondo playing upon the umqunge.
Figure 9.29.Swazi playing upon the utiyane.
Figure 9.30.Pondo playing upon the isankuni.
Figure 9.31.Ovambo ‘guitar’.
Figure 9.32.Bushman playing upon the ≠goukha:s.
Figure 10.1Bushman violin made from tin.
Figure 10.2.Bushman violins made from 1, skin and 2, cardboard and wood.
Figure 10.3.Hottentot playing upon the ramkie.
Figure 10.4.‘The Dark Fantastic’, from a drawing by Charles Bell, about 1840, showing Malays playing upon drum, sea-weed horn, and ramkie.
Figure 10.5Stringed instruments. 1, Korana ramkie, 2, 4, ramkies made from tins; 3, Bushman !gawu-kha:s; 5, Bushman ramkie, original type.
Figure 10.6.Korana boy playing upon the ramkie.
Figure 10.7.Chwana boy playing upon the ramkie.
Figure 1.1. Bushman ankle-rattles made from springbok ears. Photograph by W. P. PAFF.
